We review the possible mechanisms for the generation of cosmological magnetic fields, discuss their evolution in an expanding Universe filled with the cosmic plasma and provide a critical review of the literature on the subject. We put special emphasis on the prospects for observational tests of the proposed cosmological magnetogenesis scenarios using radio and gamma-ray astronomy and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. We argue that primordial magnetic fields are observationally testable. They lead to magnetic fields in the intergalactic medium with magnetic field strength and correlation length in a well defined range.We also state the unsolved questions in this fascinating open problem of cosmology and propose future observations to address them.

中文翻译：

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宇宙磁场：它们的产生、演化和观察

我们回顾了宇宙磁场产生的可能机制，讨论了它们在充满宇宙等离子体的膨胀宇宙中的演化，并对有关该主题的文献进行了批判性回顾。我们特别强调了使用射电和伽马射线天文学以及超高能宇宙射线对提议的宇宙磁发生场景进行观测测试的前景。我们认为原始磁场是可观察测试的。它们在星系际介质中产生磁场，磁场强度和相关长度在一个明确的范围内。我们还在这个迷人的宇宙学开放问题中陈述了未解决的问题，并提出未来的观测来解决这些问题。