The adjusted graphite microcrystallites (GMCs) in amorphous carbons have an important effect on their structures and capacitive performances. Samples with various accumulations of GMCs are prepared from carbon microspheres (CMSs). Their structures and capacitive performances are probed by morphology, spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, and electrochemical methods. The carbons with multilayer graphene (MLG) being in situ formed possess the specific surface area, mesopore volume, and specific capacitance of about 2087 m² g⁻¹, 0.92 cm⁻³ g⁻¹, and 250 F g⁻¹, which is 2.33, 8.4, and 1.9 times larger than CMSs, respectively. The combination of ordered and disordered GMCs results from MLG being in situ formed in amorphous carbons, and makes the carbons possess obviously decreased electric and ionic transmission resistances and improved capacitive performances at large charge–discharge current densities. It is also found that the accumulation of GMCs in amorphous carbons can be adjusted by controlling the infiltration of sodium metals into the matrix.

中文翻译：

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在非晶碳中原位形成多层石墨烯的可调节石墨微晶的改进电容性能

非晶碳中的调节石墨微晶（GMC）对它们的结构和电容性能具有重要影响。从碳微球（CMS）制备具有各种GMC累积量的样品。通过形态学，光谱学，氮吸附-解吸和电化学方法探究了它们的结构和电容性能。与多层石墨烯在原位形成作为碳（MLG）具有的比表面积，孔体积和大约2087米比电容² 克^-1，0.92厘米^-3 克^-1和250 F G ^-1，分别是CMS的2.33、8.4和1.9倍。有序和无序的GMC的组合是由于在无定形碳中原位形成MLG而导致，这些碳在大的充放电电流密度下具有明显降低的电和离子传输电阻，并改善了电容性能。还发现，可以通过控制钠金属向基质中的渗透来调节GMC在无定形碳中的积累。