Antibacterial peptides are a class of naturally occurring peptides produced by eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Some of them exhibit broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Antifungal peptides (AFPs) can be developed as antibiotic to control fungal infections in agriculture due to their different antifungal mechanisms. As actinomycetes are still one of the most important sources of novel antibiotics, in this review, the mechanisms of action of AFPs are explained. Characterization of several AFPs produced by actinomycetes and their biological activities against plant diseases are summarized. Furthermore, the pathway for total synthesis of naturally occurring cyclodepsipeptide, valinomycin, is proposed. Finally, the pathway for biosynthesis of kutzneride 2 is proposed and the structure-activity relationship of kutznerides is discussed.

中文翻译：

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放线菌产生的抗真菌肽及其对植物病害的生物学活性。

抗菌肽是由真核生物和原核生物产生的一类天然存在的肽。其中一些表现出广谱抗真菌活性。抗真菌肽（AFPs）由于其不同的抗真菌机制，可以开发为控制农业中真菌感染的抗生素。由于放线菌仍然是新型抗生素的最重要来源之一，在本综述中，将解释AFP的作用机制。总结了放线菌产生的几种AFP的特性及其对植物病害的生物学活性。此外，提出了天然存在的环二肽，缬霉素的全合成途径。最后，提出了库兹那利德2的生物合成途径，并探讨了库兹那利德的构效关系。