Abstract Modern subway transport has become the primary mode of travel for millions of commuters, while indoor air quality (IAQ) in subway stations is becoming a major public health concern. The IAQ management in subway stations is governed by a rule-based ventilation strategy, consisting on the introduction of fresh air from outside. However, this strategy does not consider the IAQ dynamics under time-variant outdoor conditions. Alongside, the sizeable inherent time-delay of the subway IAQ system limits the performance of feedback controllers in the ventilation system. Therefore, a time-delay compensated gain-scheduled (TDC-GS) ventilation system based on the Smith Predictor (SP) is proposed to address the time-delay of the IAQ process. This strategy was assessed for various outdoor air conditions. The performance of the control systems was analyzed under two case studies consisting of good, moderate and unhealthy outdoor air conditions. The results demonstrated that the proposed control system can maintain the IAQ at healthy levels in both cases. Under good and moderate outdoor conditions, the TDC-GS system achieved an energy savings of 10.33% compared to the rule-based ventilation system, representing an emission reduction of 132.9 kgCO2/day. Additionally, a more stable control response was achieved by the implementation of the SP technique. In comparison to the stand-alone GS control system, the errors were reduced up to 67%.

中文翻译：

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用于各种室外条件下可持续地铁空气质量管理的节能延时补偿通风控制系统

摘要 现代地铁交通已成为数百万通勤者的主要出行方式，而地铁站的室内空气质量 (IAQ) 正成为主要的公共卫生问题。地铁站的室内空气质量管理由基于规则的通风策略管理，包括从外部引入新鲜空气。然而，该策略没有考虑时变室外条件下的室内空气质量动态。此外，地铁室内空气质量系统固有的相当大的时延限制了通风系统中反馈控制器的性能。因此，提出了一种基于史密斯预测器 (SP) 的延时补偿增益调度 (TDC-GS) 通风系统来解决 IAQ 过程的延时问题。该策略针对各种室外空气条件进行了评估。在由良好、中等和不健康的室外空气条件组成的两个案例研究下分析了控制系统的性能。结果表明，在这两种情况下，所提出的控制系统都可以将室内空气质量保持在健康水平。在良好和中等的室外条件下，TDC-GS 系统与基于规则的通风系统相比实现了 10.33% 的节能，相当于每天减少排放 132.9 kgCO2。此外，通过实施 SP 技术实现了更稳定的控制响应。与独立的 GS 控制系统相比，错误减少了 67%。在良好和中等的室外条件下，TDC-GS 系统与基于规则的通风系统相比实现了 10.33% 的节能，相当于每天减少排放 132.9 kgCO2。此外，通过实施 SP 技术实现了更稳定的控制响应。与独立的 GS 控制系统相比，错误减少了 67%。在良好和中等的室外条件下，TDC-GS 系统与基于规则的通风系统相比实现了 10.33% 的节能，相当于每天减少排放 132.9 kgCO2。此外，通过实施 SP 技术实现了更稳定的控制响应。与独立的 GS 控制系统相比，错误减少了 67%。