It is well acknowledged that immune system is deeply involved in cancer initiation and progression, and can exert both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic effects, depending on specific microenvironment. With the better understanding of cancer-associated immune cells, especially T cells, immunotherapy was developed and applied in multiple cancers and exhibits remarkable efficacy. However, currently only a subset of patients have responses to immunotherapy, suggesting that a boarder view of cancer immunity is required. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are identified as critical regulators in both cancer cells and immune cells, thus show great potential to serve as new therapeutic targets to improve the response of immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the functions and regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in cancer immunity, and highlight the potential of ncRNAs as novel targets for immunotherapy.

中文翻译：

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非编码RNA在癌症免疫中的功能，调控机制和临床应用。

众所周知，免疫系统与癌症的发生和发展密切相关，并且可以发挥促肿瘤作用和抗肿瘤作用，具体取决于特定的微环境。随着对癌症相关免疫细胞，尤其是T细胞的更好理解，免疫疗法被开发并应用于多种癌症，并显示出显着的功效。但是，目前只有一部分患者对免疫疗法有反应，这表明需要对癌症免疫力有更全面的了解。主要包括microRNA（miRNA）和长非编码RNA（lncRNA）的非编码RNA（ncRNA）被确定为癌细胞和免疫细胞中的关键调节因子，因此显示出巨大的潜力，可以用作改善癌症反应的新治疗靶标免疫疗法。在这篇评论中