This paper reviews progress that has been made in the use of Raman spectroscopy to study graphene and carbon nanotubes. These are two nanostructured forms of sp2 carbon materials that are of major current interest. These nanostructured materials have attracted particular attention because of their simplicity, small physical size and the exciting new science they have introduced. This review focuses on each of these materials systems individually and comparatively as prototype examples of nanostructured materials. In particular, this paper discusses the power of Raman spectroscopy as a probe and a characterization tool for sp2 carbon materials, with particular emphasis given to the field of photophysics. Some coverage is also given to the close relatives of these sp2 carbon materials, namely graphite, a three-dimensional (3D) material based on the AB stacking of individual graphene layers, and carbon nanoribbons, which are one-dimensional (1D) planar structures, where the width of the ribbon is on the nanometer length scale. Carbon nanoribbons differ from carbon nanotubes is that nanoribbons have edges, whereas nanotubes have terminations only at their two ends.

中文翻译：

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石墨烯和碳纳米管的拉曼光谱

本文回顾了在使用拉曼光谱研究石墨烯和碳纳米管方面取得的进展。这是目前主要关注的两种纳米结构形式的 sp2 碳材料。这些纳米结构材料因其简单、物理尺寸小以及它们引入的令人兴奋的新科学而引起了特别关注。本综述重点关注这些材料系统中的每一个，作为纳米结构材料的原型示例。特别地，本文讨论了拉曼光谱作为 sp2 碳材料的探针和表征工具的能力，特别强调了光物理领域。还对这些 sp2 碳材料的近亲，即石墨、基于单个石墨烯层和碳纳米带的 AB 堆叠的三维 (3D) 材料，碳纳米带是一维 (1D) 平面结构，其中碳带的宽度在纳米长度尺度上。碳纳米带与碳纳米管的不同之处在于纳米带具有边缘，而纳米管仅在其两端具有末端。