This review provides an overview of recent advances that have been achieved in understanding the basic physics of friction and energy dissipation in molecularly thin adsorbed films and the associated impact on friction at microscopic and macroscopic length scales. Topics covered include a historical overview of the fundamental understanding of macroscopic friction, theoretical treatments of phononic and electronic energy dissipation mechanisms in thin films, and current experimental methods capable of probing such phenomena. Measurements performed on adsorbates sliding in unconfined geometries with the quartz crystal microbalance technique receive particular attention. The final sections review the experimental literature of how measurements of sliding friction in thin films reveal energy dissipation mechanisms and how the results can be linked to film-spreading behavior, lubrication, film phase transitions, superconductivity-dependent friction, and microelectromechanical systems applications. Materials systems reported on include adsorbed films comprised of helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, water, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, ethane, ethanol, trifluoroethanol, methanol, cyclohexane, ethylene, pentanol, toluene, tricresylphosphate, t-butylphenyl phosphate, benzene, and iodobenzene. Substrates reported on include silver, gold, aluminum, copper, nickel, lead, silicon, graphite, graphene, fullerenes, C60, diamond, carbon, diamond-like carbon, and YBa2Cu3O7, and self-assembled monolayers consisting of tethered polymeric molecules.

中文翻译：

---

吸附分子和分子薄膜的摩擦和能量耗散机制

这篇综述概述了在理解分子薄吸附膜中摩擦和能量耗散的基本物理学以及微观和宏观长度尺度上对摩擦的相关影响方面取得的最新进展。涵盖的主题包括对宏观摩擦的基本理解的历史概述、薄膜中声子和电子能量耗散机制的理论处理，以及能够探测此类现象的当前实验方法。使用石英晶体微天平技术对在无限制几何形状中滑动的吸附物进行的测量受到特别关注。最后几节回顾了有关薄膜滑动摩擦测量如何揭示能量耗散机制以及结果如何与薄膜扩展行为、润滑、薄膜相变、超导相关摩擦和微机电系统应用相关联的实验文献。报道的材料系统包括由氦气、氖气、氩气、氪气、氙气、水、氧气、氮气、一氧化碳、乙烷、乙醇、三氟乙醇、甲醇、环己烷、乙烯、戊醇、甲苯、磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸叔丁基苯基酯组成的吸附膜、苯和碘苯。报道的基材包括银、金、铝、铜、镍、铅、硅、石墨、石墨烯、富勒烯、C60、金刚石、碳、类金刚石碳和 YBa2Cu3O7，