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Palm distribution patterns in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon: Impact of a large hydroelectric dam
Forest Ecology and Management ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118032
Ednéia A. dos Santos , Marcelo B. Medeiros , Evandro J.L. Ferreira , Marcelo F. Simon , Washington L. Oliveira , Flávia R.C. Costa

Abstract Mega hydroelectric dams cause loss of habitat for many species and lead to local or regional extinction. Despite these dire facts, little is known about the impact of these mega-dams on Amazonia. Using palms as a model, we investigated this question by sampling 26 1-ha plots distributed in the influence areas of the Jirau mega-dam in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia. We examined palm community patterns and species distributions as a function of environmental variables, as well as the effect of this large dam on plant survival. Palm communities on the banks of the Madeira River differ among three main habitats sampled (campinarana, terra-firme and varzea forests), and these differences are associated with the gradient of C, pH, N, P, soil texture, slope, and depth to the water-table. The level of the Madeira River raised after the construction of the Jirau mega-dam, directly affecting the populations of 61.3% of the palm species, particularly those species associated to areas with silty soils, low slope, and low depth to the water-table. Varzea and terra-firme forests near the river, as well as low-lying plots, even those distant from the river, were affected by the filling of the reservoir. Varzea forests and campinaranas had a greater proportion of palm species flooded by the reservoir and the reduction of water-table depth. Varzea forests and campinaranas harbor distinct palm communities from the terra-firme forests and require priority in conservation policies and management to mitigate harmful environmental impacts in the Amazon.

中文翻译:

巴西亚马逊西南部的棕榈分布模式:大型水电站大坝的影响

摘要 大型水电站大坝导致许多物种失去栖息地,并导致局部或区域灭绝。尽管有这些可怕的事实,但人们对这些大型水坝对亚马逊河的影响知之甚少。使用棕榈树作为模型,我们通过对分布在巴西亚马逊西南部吉劳大型水坝影响区的 26 个 1 公顷地块进行抽样调查来研究这个问题。我们检查了棕榈群落模式和物种分布作为环境变量的函数,以及这座大坝对植物生存的影响。马德拉河岸边的棕榈群落在采样的三个主要栖息地(campinarana、terra-firme 和 varzea 森林)之间存在差异,这些差异与 C、pH、N、P、土壤质地、坡度和深度的梯度有关到地下水位。吉劳大坝建成后,马德拉河水位升高,直接影响了 61.3% 的棕榈物种种群,尤其是那些与粉质土壤、低坡度和地下水位深度低的地区相关的物种. 河流附近的 Varzea 和 terra-firme 森林,以及低洼地块,甚至那些远离河流的地块,都受到水库蓄水的影响。Varzea 森林和 Campinaranas 有更大比例的棕榈树种被水库淹没,地下水位深度减少。Varzea 森林和 Campinaranas 拥有与陆地森林不同的棕榈社区,需要优先保护政策和管理,以减轻亚马逊地区的有害环境影响。特别是那些与粉质土壤、低坡度和地下水位低深度地区相关的物种。河流附近的 Varzea 和 terra-firme 森林,以及低洼地块,甚至那些远离河流的地块,都受到水库蓄水的影响。Varzea 森林和 Campinaranas 有更大比例的棕榈树种被水库淹没,地下水位深度减少。Varzea 森林和 Campinaranas 拥有与陆地森林不同的棕榈社区,需要优先保护政策和管理,以减轻亚马逊地区的有害环境影响。特别是那些与粉质土壤、低坡度和地下水位低深度地区相关的物种。河流附近的 Varzea 和 terra-firme 森林,以及低洼地块,甚至那些远离河流的地块,都受到水库蓄水的影响。Varzea 森林和 Campinaranas 有更大比例的棕榈树种被水库淹没,地下水位深度减少。Varzea 森林和 Campinaranas 拥有与陆地森林不同的棕榈社区,需要优先保护政策和管理,以减轻亚马逊地区的有害环境影响。受蓄水池填充的影响。Varzea 森林和 Campinaranas 有更大比例的棕榈树种被水库淹没,地下水位深度减少。Varzea 森林和 Campinaranas 拥有与陆地森林不同的棕榈社区,需要优先保护政策和管理,以减轻亚马逊地区的有害环境影响。受蓄水池填充的影响。Varzea 森林和 Campinaranas 有更大比例的棕榈树种被水库淹没,地下水位深度减少。Varzea 森林和 Campinaranas 拥有与陆地森林不同的棕榈社区,需要优先保护政策和管理,以减轻亚马逊地区的有害环境影响。
更新日期:2020-05-01
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