Arugula (Eruca sativa L.) an oilseed crop with various medicinal and industrial applications. In the present study, 66 genotypes of E. sativa were evaluated for genetic diversity based on the content of seed oil, nine different fatty acids, and molecular markers including 20 polymorphic sequence-related amplified polymorphisms (SRAP) and 12 polymorphic Start Codon Targeted (SCoT). Based on the results of analysis of variance, a significant difference was found among the genotypes in terms of oil quality-related traits. Among fatty acids, least content was denoted to eicosenoic acid (0–3.45 %), whereas the most content (25.9–53.6 %) was observed at erucic acid. The SRAP markers produced a higher mean number of polymorphic bands (8.1) and polymorphism (80.4 %) compared with SCoT markers (7.25 polymorphic bands with 80.35 % polymorphism. The higher genetic variation within populations revealed than among them for both evaluated markers. Thus, the combined SRAP and SCoT markers were significantly useful for genetic diversity evaluation at the molecular level in E. sativa. Furthermore, cluster analysis divided the genotypes into five groups based on a combined data of SRAP and SCoT, which was supported by structure analysis. Based on the results, no considerable similarity was observed between the geographic origin of genotypes with classification patterns based on molecular markers and oil quality-related traits. The results of the present study confirmed the effect of employing the mixture of SRAP and SCoT, regarding identifying E. sativa genetic diversity that would be useful for improving population genetics and superior hybrids in E. sativa in further breeding studies on this oily crop.

芝麻菜（Eruca sativa L.）一种油料作物，具有多种医学和工业用途。在本研究中，有66个基因型的水稻根据种子油，九种不同脂肪酸和分子标记（包括20种多态序列相关的扩增多态性（SRAP）和12种多态性起始密码子）的分子标记评估了遗传多样性。根据方差分析的结果，就油质相关性状而言，各基因型之间存在显着差异。在脂肪酸中，二十碳五烯酸含量最低（0–3.45％），而芥酸含量最高（25.9–53.6％）。与SCoT标记（7.25个多态性条带和80.35％的多态性）相比，SRAP标记产生了更高的平均多态性条带数（8.1）和多态性（80.4％）。在这两个评估标记中，群体内的遗传变异高于它们。E.水稻。此外，基于SRAP和SCoT的组合数据，聚类分析将基因型分为五个组，这得到结构分析的支持。根据结果​​，在基于分子标记和油质相关性状的分类模式的基因型地理起源之间未观察到相似性。本研究的结果证实了使用SRAP和SCoT的混合物对于鉴定水稻遗传多样性的效果，这对于改善油菜作物的进一步遗传学研究将有助于改善水稻遗传学和优良杂交种。