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Dissociable influences of implicit temporal expectation on attentional performance and mind wandering.
Cognition ( IF 4.011 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104242
Stijn A A Massar 1 , Jia-Hou Poh 2 , Julian Lim 1 , Michael W L Chee 1
Affiliation  

Mind wandering at critical moments during a cognitive task degrades performance. At other moments, mind wandering could serve to conserve task-relevant resources, allowing a brief mental respite. Recent research has shown that, if target timing is predictable, mind wandering episodes coincide with moments of low target likelihood. Conversely, mind wandering can be avoided at moments when targets are expected. In the current study, we tested whether mind wandering can be guided by implicit temporal expectations when target timing is less predictable. In two experiments (Experiment 1: N = 37, Experiment 2: N = 61), participants performed a sustained attention task in which target events were preceded by a variable pre-target interval (foreperiod). As time passes over the foreperiod duration, implicit target expectation increases, given that it has not yet appeared. In Experiment 1, all foreperiod durations were equally probable (uniform distribution: 2-10 s). This resulted in faster responses when targets were preceded by long compared to short foreperiods (foreperiod-effect). In contrast, mind wandering, assessed by thought probes inserted following short or long foreperiods, did not follow this pattern. In Experiment 2, alterations in the foreperiod distribution (left or right-skewed) resulted in changes in the behavioral foreperiod-effect, but mind wandering was unaffected. Our findings indicate that implicit timing strongly affects behavioral response to target events, but has no bearing on the mind wandering. Contrastingly, mind wandering did correlate with performance deterioration due to fatigue (time-on-task), suggesting that the thought probe method was sufficiently sensitive to behaviorally relevant changes in mental state.

中文翻译:

内隐时间期望对注意力表现和思维游荡的可分解影响。

在认知任务期间的关键时刻徘徊的思维会降低性能。在其他时刻,思想游荡可以用来节省与任务相关的资源,从而让您短暂地休息一下。最近的研究表明,如果目标时机是可预测的,则心理徘徊发作与目标可能性低的时刻相吻合。相反,在预期目标出现的时刻可以避免思维游荡。在当前的研究中,我们测试了在目标时机难以预测时,是否可以通过内隐的时间期望来指导思维游荡。在两个实验中(实验1:N = 37,实验2:N = 61),参与者执行了持续关注任务,其中目标事件之前有可变的目标前间隔(前期)。随着时间的推移,预期目标的隐含期望值会增加,鉴于它尚未出现。在实验1中,所有前期持续时间都是相同的可能性(均匀分布:2-10 s)。与较短的前期动物相比,当目标之前有较长的时间时,这会导致更快的响应(前期效应)。相反,通过短暂或长期前脚后插入的思想探针评估的思维游荡并未遵循这种模式。在实验2中,前脚分布的变化(左或右偏)导致行为前脚效果发生变化,但思维游荡不受影响。我们的研究结果表明,隐式计时强烈影响对目标事件的行为响应,但与思维游荡无关。相反,思想游荡与疲劳(工作时间)导致的性能下降相关,
更新日期:2020-03-02
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