Abstract The dissolution of carbon from coke into molten iron is a critical factor influencing melting efficiency and lining erosion of blast furnaces. To gain an in-depth understanding of this process, the wetting and spreading behaviors of molten iron in contact with a graphite substrate were studied using high-temperature vacuum wettability test equipment and a microstructural analysis method. The results show that the initial contact angles of molten iron on a graphite substrate (105.8°, 116.7°, 122.0°) and the equilibrium contact angles (60.6°, 65.4°, 70.7°) increase with increasing initial carbon content (Fe-3.8%C, Fe-4.3%C, Fe-4.8%C), showing a certain dependence on the carbon content in the molten iron. The initial stage of interaction between the molten iron and graphite substrate is a non-wetting state, which transitions to a wetting state during the spreading stage at high temperatures. A spherical cap structure is formed because of interfacial effects. The results show that the penetration of carbon into the molten iron decreases with increasing initial carbon content. Finally, the wetting and spreading mechanisms are illustrated on the basis of interfacial energy analysis. It is mainly controlled by dissolution in the initial stage of wetting and spreading, then transfers to reaction-driven control.

中文翻译：

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与石墨基体接触的铁水的润湿和铺展行为：界面效应

摘要 焦炭中的碳溶解在铁水中是影响高炉熔炼效率和炉衬侵蚀的关键因素。为了深入了解这一过程，使用高温真空润湿性测试设备和微观结构分析方法研究了铁水与石墨基体接触的润湿和铺展行为。结果表明，铁水在石墨基体上的初始接触角（105.8°、116.7°、122.0°）和平衡接触角（60.6°、65.4°、70.7°）随着初始碳含量（Fe-3.8 %C、Fe-4.3%C、Fe-4.8%C)，表现出对铁水中碳含量的一定依赖性。铁水与石墨基体相互作用的初始阶段为非润湿状态，在高温下的铺展阶段转变为润湿状态。由于界面效应形成球冠结构。结果表明，随着初始碳含量的增加，碳对铁水的渗透降低。最后，在界面能分析的基础上说明了润湿和铺展机制。润湿铺展初期主要受溶解控制，后转为反应驱动控制。