Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines hold great potential in cancer immunotherapy, but the suboptimal design of DC vaccines and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment largely impair their anti-tumor efficacy. Here, quantum dot (QD) pulsed-DC vaccines integrating with tumor-associated macrophage polarization are developed for amplified anti-tumor immunity. Semiconductor QDs are engineered with diverse functions to act as fluorescence nanoprobes, immunomodulatory adjuvants, and nanocarriers to load tumor antigens and Toll-like receptor 9 agonists. The QD-pulsed DC vaccines enable spatiotemporal tracking of lymphatic drainage and efficacy evaluation of DC immunotherapy, and trigger potent immunoactivation. Specifically, designer DC vaccine plus macrophage polarization elicits potent immune response to stimulate innate and adaptive antitumor immunity and ameliorate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. As a new combination therapy, this strategy greatly boosts antigen-specific T-cell immunity and thus strongly inhibits local tumor growth and tumor metastasis in vivo. This study may provide an applicable treatment for cancer immunotherapy.

树突状细胞（DC）疫苗在癌症免疫治疗中具有巨大潜力，但是DC疫苗的欠佳设计和免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境大大削弱了其抗肿瘤功效。在这里，量子点（QD）脉冲DC疫苗与肿瘤相关的巨噬细胞极化整合在一起，被开发用于增强的抗肿瘤免疫力。半导体QD具有多种功能，可以用作荧光纳米探针，免疫调节佐剂和纳米载体，以加载肿瘤抗原和Toll样受体9激动剂。QD脉冲DC疫苗可实现时空追踪淋巴引流并评估DC免疫疗法的功效，并触发有效的免疫激活。特别，设计师设计的DC疫苗加上巨噬细胞极化可引发有效的免疫反应，以刺激先天性和适应性抗肿瘤免疫力，并改善免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境。作为一种新的联合疗法，该策略极大地增强了抗原特异性T细胞的免疫力，从而强烈抑制了局部肿瘤的生长和肿瘤转移体内。该研究可为癌症免疫治疗提供一种适用的治疗方法。