BACKGROUND The identification of foodborne pathogenic bacteria types plays a crucial role in food safety and public health. In consideration of long culturing times, tedious operations and the desired specific recognition elements in conventional methods, the alternative fluorescent sensor arrays can offer a high-effective approach in bacterial identification by using multiple cross-reactive receptors. Herein, we achieve this goal by constructing an upconversion fluorescent sensor array based on anti-stokes luminogens featuring a series of functional lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with phenylboronic acid, phosphate groups, or imidazole ionic liquid. The prevalent spotlight effect of microorganism and the electrostatic interaction between UCNPs and bacteria endow such sensor array an excellent discrimination property. RESULTS Seven common foodborne pathogenic bacteria including two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and five Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Cronobacter sakazakii, Shigella flexneri and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) are precisely identified with 100% accuracy via linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Furthermore, blends of bacteria have been identified accurately. Bacteria in real samples (tap water, milk and beef) have been effectively discriminated with 92.1% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Current fluorescence sensor array is a powerful tool for high-throughput bacteria identification, which overcomes the time-consuming bacteria culture and heavy dependence of specific recognition elements. The high efficiency of whole bacterial cell detection and the discrimination capability of life and death bacteria can brighten the application of fluorescence sensor array.

中文翻译：

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表面化学修饰的上转换纳米颗粒作为荧光传感器阵列，用于区分食源性致病细菌。

背景技术食源性致病细菌类型的鉴定在食品安全和公共卫生中起着至关重要的作用。考虑到较长的培养时间，繁琐的操作以及常规方法中所需的特定识别元件，替代的荧光传感器阵列可以通过使用多种交叉反应受体来提供高效的细菌鉴定方法。在此，我们通过构建基于抗焦化发光剂的上转换荧光传感器阵列来实现此目标，该传感器具有一系列功能化的镧系元素掺杂的上转换纳米粒子（UCNP），具有苯基硼酸，磷酸基团或咪唑离子液体。微生物的普遍聚光作用以及UCNP与细菌之间的静电相互作用使这种传感器阵列具有出色的识别性能。结果通过线性判别法可准确地鉴定出7种常见的食源性致病菌，其中包括2株革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌）和5株革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌，沙门氏菌，阪崎杆菌，克氏志贺氏菌和副溶血弧菌）。分析（LDA）。此外，细菌混合物已被准确鉴定。真实样品（自来水，牛奶和牛肉）中的细菌已被有效区分，准确度为92.1％。结论当前的荧光传感器阵列是用于高通量细菌鉴定的强大工具，它克服了耗时的细菌培养和对特定识别元件的严重依赖性。