Anxiety and fear-related disorders are common and disabling, and they significantly increase risk for suicide and other causes of morbidity and mortality. However, there is tremendous potential for translational neuroscience to advance our understanding of these disorders, leading to novel and powerful interventions and even to preventing their initial development. This overview examines the general circuits and processes thought to underlie fear and anxiety, along with the promise of translational research. It then examines some of the data-driven "next-generation" approaches that are needed for discovery and understanding but that do not always fit neatly into established models. From one perspective, these disorders offer among the most tractable problems in psychiatry, with a great deal of accumulated understanding, across species, of neurocircuit, behavioral, and, increasingly, genetic mechanisms, of how dysregulation of fear and threat processes contributes to anxiety-related disorders. One example is the progressively sophisticated understanding of how extinction underlies the exposure therapy component of cognitive-behavioral therapy approaches, which are ubiquitously used across anxiety and fear-related disorders. However, it is also critical to examine gaps in our understanding between reasonably well-replicated examples of successful translation, areas of significant deficits in knowledge, and the role of large-scale data-driven approaches in future progress and discovery. Although a tremendous amount of progress is still needed, translational approaches to understanding, treating, and even preventing anxiety and fear-related disorders offer great opportunities for successfully bridging neuroscience discovery to clinical practice.

中文翻译：

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跨电路和遗传学转化，在恐惧和焦虑相关疾病方面取得进展。

与焦虑和恐惧相关的疾病很常见并且会导致残疾，它们会显着增加自杀和其他发病和死亡原因的风险。然而，转化神经科学具有巨大的潜力，可以促进我们对这些疾病的理解，带来新颖而有力的干预措施，甚至阻止其最初的发展。本概述探讨了恐惧和焦虑背后的一般回路和过程，以及转化研究的前景。然后，它检查了一些数据驱动的“下一代”方法，这些方法是发现和理解所需的，但并不总是完全适合已建立的模型。从一个角度来看，这些疾病是精神病学中最容易处理的问题之一，跨物种的神经回路、行为以及越来越多的遗传机制，以及恐惧和威胁过程的失调如何导致焦虑，都积累了大量的理解。相关疾病。一个例子是对认知行为疗法中暴露疗法组成部分的逐渐复杂的理解，这种疗法普遍用于治疗焦虑和恐惧相关的疾病。然而，检查我们在合理复制的成功翻译示例、知识重大缺陷领域以及大规模数据驱动方法在未来进步和发现中的作用之间的理解差距也至关重要。尽管仍需要取得巨大进展，但理解、治疗甚至预防焦虑和恐惧相关疾病的转化方法为成功地将神经科学发现与临床实践联系起来提供了巨大的机会。