Omics-technologies have revolutionized biomedical research over the past two decades, and are now poised to play a transformative role in aquaculture. This article serves as an introduction to a Virtual Special Issue of Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part D: Genomics and Proteomics (CBPD), with the objective to showcase the state-of-the-science for Omics in aquaculture. In this editorial, we describe the role that Omics can play in aquaculture, and provide a synopsis for each of the Special Issue articles that use these technologies to improve aquaculture practices. Current genomic resources available for some aquaculture species are also described. The number of datasets is impressive for species such as Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, totaling in the thousands (NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus and Sequence Read Archive). We present a conceptual framework that describes how Omics can be leveraged to understand complex responses of aquatic animals in culture for relevant physiological outcomes, such as fecundity, growth, and immunity. Lastly, knowledge gaps and new directions are identified to address current obstacles in aquaculture. Articles in this Special Issue on aquaculture in CBPD highlight the diversity and scope of Omics in aquaculture. As the technology becomes more cost-effective, it is anticipated that genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics will play increasingly important roles in stock diagnostics (e.g. genetics, health, performance). The timing is right, as global concerns are reaching critical levels over food availability/security and water restrictions for humankind.

在过去的二十年中，Omics技术彻底改变了生物医学研究领域，如今已准备在水产养殖中发挥变革性作用。本文是对比较生物化学和生理学虚拟特刊的简介-D部分：基因组学和蛋白质组学（CBPD），目的是展示水产养殖中Omics的最新技术。在这篇社论中，我们描述了Omics在水产养殖中的作用，并为使用这些技术改善水产养殖实践的每期特刊提供了摘要。还介绍了可用于某些水产养殖物种的当前基因组资源。大西洋鲑和虹鳟等物种的数据集数量令人印象深刻，总数达数千种（NCBI基因表达综合和序列读取档案）。我们提供了一个概念框架，描述了如何利用Omics来理解文化中水生动物对相关生理结果（如生殖力，生长和免疫力）的复杂反应。最后，确定知识空白和新方向以解决当前水产养殖方面的障碍。本期关于水产养殖的特刊中的文章CBPD强调了水产养殖中Omics的多样性和范围。随着技术变得更具成本效益，预计基因组学，转录组学，蛋白质组学，代谢组学和脂质组学将在种群诊断（例如遗传学，健康，性能）中发挥越来越重要的作用。时机是正确的，因为全球关注的问题正日益严重，涉及人类的粮食供应/安全和水限制。