The increase in use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) ends up in waste streams, and consequently to the environment and drinking water resources. Thus, there is a continuing need to detect and quantify ENPs in water. Understanding ENPs occurrence and behavior in aquatic environments is also required to assess the associated environmental impact. Indeed, insufficient water and wastewater treatment for ENPs may cause a serious threat to the environment and human health. The contaminant removal in conventional drinking water treatment depends largely on the influent quality and operation parameters. A question remains as to whether these processes are also efficient for removal of ENPs and thus for the protection of the public from exposure to ENPs. ENPs can be biodegraded or sorbed by bacterial communities to differing extents, affected greatly by their surface properties, speciation, and transformations in wastewater treatment. Although the available literature is insufficient, the present review attempts to summarize several topics concerning the detection and removal of ENPs that might undergo dissolution, agglomeration, bioaccumulation and transformation in drinking water and wastewater treatment processes.

工程化纳米颗粒（ENP）的使用增加最终导致了废物流，进而导致了环境和饮用水资源的浪费。因此，持续需要检测和定量水中的ENP。还需要了解ENP在水生环境中的发生和行为，以评估相关的环境影响。确实，ENP的水和废水处理不充分可能会对环境和人类健康造成严重威胁。传统饮用水处理中的污染物去除很大程度上取决于进水质量和操作参数。这些过程是否也有效去除ENP，从而保护公众免受ENP影响，仍然存在一个问题。ENP可以被细菌群落不同程度地生物降解或吸收，它们的表面特性，形态和废水处理中的转化对其影响很大。尽管现有文献不足，但本综述试图总结几个有关在饮用水和废水处理过程中可能发生溶解，结块，生物富集和转化的ENP检测和去除的主题。