Human urine is one of the most important fluids providing useful information about the body condition. The composition of urine can be used to monitor disease treatment, as a diagnostic tool in clinical chemistry and in the evaluation of occupational or environmental exposure. The chemical composition of urine is complex and shows a high variation of matrix elements. Therefore, the analysis of urine components requires the choice of an appropriate analytical technique. This review helps to update and systematize the analytical techniques which have been used for years in urine analysis. Particular attention is paid to the progress of analytical methods pointing advantages and drawbacks of the various techniques used for separation and determination of urine components. The basic characteristics and application instances of the existing determination methods are introduced, including spectrometry, chromatography and indication tests.

人尿是提供有关身体状况有用信息的最重要的液体之一。尿液的成分可用于监测疾病的治疗，作为临床化学诊断工具以及评估职业或环境暴露的诊断工具。尿液的化学成分很复杂，并且基质元素变化很大。因此，尿液成分的分析需要选择适当的分析技术。这篇综述有助于更新和系统化尿液分析中已使用多年的分析技术。特别注意分析方法的进展，指出了用于分离和测定尿液成分的各种技术的优缺点。