Photocatalytic CO₂ reduction to produce valuable chemicals and fuels using solar energy provides an appealing route to alleviate global energy and environmental problems. Searching for photocatalysts with high activity and selectivity for CO₂ conversion is the key to achieving this goal. Among the various proposed photocatalysts, metal‐free materials, such as graphene, nitrides, carbides, and conjugated organic polymers, have gained extensive research interest for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction, due to their earth abundance, cost‐effectiveness, good electrical conductivity, and environmental friendliness. They exhibit prominent catalytic activity, impressive selectivity, and long durability for the conversion of CO₂ to solar fuels. Herein, the recent progress on metal‐free photocatalysis of CO₂ reduction is systematically reviewed. Opportunities and challenges on modification of nonmetallic catalysts to enhance CO₂ transformation are presented. Theoretical calculations on possible reduction mechanisms and pathways as well as the potential in situ and operando techniques for mechanistic understanding are also summarized and discussed. Based on the aforementioned discussions, suitable future research directions and perspectives for the design and development of potential nonmetallic photocatalysts for efficient CO₂ reduction are provided.

中文翻译：

---

无金属基材料光催化还原CO2：最新进展和未来展望

利用太阳能进行光催化还原CO ₂以生产有价值的化学物质和燃料，为缓解全球能源和环境问题提供了诱人的途径。寻找具有高活性和高选择性的CO ₂转化光催化剂是实现这一目标的关键。在各种提议的光催化剂中，无金属材料（例如石墨烯，氮化物，碳化物和共轭有机聚合物）因其土壤丰度，成本效益，良好的电导率和可再生性而在光催化还原CO ₂方面获得了广泛的研究兴趣。环境友好。它们具有出色的催化活性，出色的选择性以及对CO ₂转化的持久性太阳能。在此，系统地综述了无金属光催化还原CO ₂的最新进展。提出了改性非金属催化剂以提高CO ₂转化的机会和挑战。还总结并讨论了关于可能的还原机制和途径的理论计算，以及潜在的原位和操作技术以进行机理理解。基于上述讨论，为设计和开发潜在的非金属光催化剂以有效地还原CO ₂提供了合适的未来研究方向和观点。