The most commonly used vaccine worldwide, bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG), appears to have the ability to restore blood sugar control in humans with early‐onset but long‐duration type 1 diabetes when a repeat vaccination strategy is used. This is a process that may be driven by a metabolic switch from overactive oxidative phosphorylation to accelerated aerobic glycolysis and a reset of the immune system. BCG is a live, attenuated strain of Mycobacteria bovis, a cousin of M. tuberculosis. Humans and Mycobacteria, which are found in the environment and in warm‐blooded hosts, share a long coevolutionary history. In recent times, humans have had fewer exposures to these and other microorganisms that historically helped shape the immune response. By ‘re‐introducing’ an attenuated form of Mycobacteria via BCG vaccination, humans might benefit from an immunological perspective, a concept supported by a growing body of data in autoimmunity and robust data on the nonspecific immune effects of BCG related to protection from diverse infections and early mortality. New findings of immune and metabolic defects in type 1 diabetes that can be corrected with repeat BCG vaccination suggest that this therapeutic strategy may be applicable in other diseases with inadequate aerobic glycolysis, including Parkinson’s disease, dementia, depression and other disorders affecting the nervous system.

中文翻译：

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在自身免疫性和神经系统疾病中，卡介苗诱导的代谢转换从氧化磷酸化到有氧糖酵解的益处。

当使用重复疫苗接种策略时，全世界最常用的疫苗卡介苗（BCG）似乎具有恢复早发型但长时期1型糖尿病患者血糖控制的能力。这是一个可能由新陈代谢转变所驱动的过程，从过度活跃的氧化磷酸化转变为加速有氧糖酵解和免疫系统复位。BCG是活的，减毒菌株的分枝杆菌，牛，的表妹结核分枝杆菌。人与分枝杆菌在环境和温血宿主中都存在，具有悠久的共同进化历史。近年来，人类接触这些和其他历史上有助于塑造免疫应答的微生物的机会越来越少。通过“重新引入”减毒形式的分枝杆菌通过BCG疫苗接种，人类可能会从免疫学角度受益，这一观念得到了越来越多的自身免疫性数据的支持，以及关于BCG的非特异性免疫作用与保护免受多种感染和早期死亡相关的可靠数据的支持。1型糖尿病的免疫和代谢缺陷的新发现可以通过重复接种卡介苗来纠正，这表明该治疗策略可能适用于需氧糖酵解不足的其他疾病，包括帕金森氏病，痴呆，抑郁症和其他影响神经系统的疾病。