The presence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associated with favourable outcomes in patients with breast cancer as well as in those with other solid tumours. T cells make up a considerable proportion of TILs and current evidence suggests that CD8+ T cells are a crucial determinant of favourable clinical outcomes. Studies involving tumour material from numerous solid tumour types, including breast cancer, demonstrate that the CD8+ TILs include a subpopulation of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells. This subpopulation has features consistent with those of TRM cells, which have been described as having a role in peripheral immune surveillance and viral immunity in both humans and mice. Patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancers harbouring greater numbers of TRM cells have a substantially improved prognosis and longer overall survival. Furthermore, patients with advanced-stage breast cancers with higher levels of TRM cells have increased response rates to anti-PD-1 antibodies. These findings have motivated efforts to explore whether CD8+ TRM cells include tumour-specific T cells, their functional responses to cognate antigens and their role in responses to immune checkpoint inhibition. In this Review, we focus on the clinical significance of CD8+ TRM cells and the potential ways that these cells can be targeted to improve the success of immunotherapeutic approaches in patients with breast cancer, as well as in those with other solid tumour types.

中文翻译：

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组织驻留性记忆T细胞在乳腺癌的控制和免疫治疗中的反应。

肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TIL）的存在与乳腺癌患者以及其他实体瘤患者的良好预后相关。T细胞占TIL的相当大比例，目前的证据表明CD8 + T细胞是良好临床预后的关键决定因素。涉及多种实体瘤类型（包括乳腺癌）的肿瘤物质的研究表明，CD8 + TILs包括组织驻留记忆T（TRM）细胞的亚群。该亚群具有与TRM细胞一致的特征，据称它们在人和小鼠的外周免疫监视和病毒免疫中具有作用。携带大量TRM细胞的早期三阴性乳腺癌患者的预后大大改善，总生存期更长。此外，患有TRM细胞水平较高的晚期乳腺癌患者对抗PD-1抗体的应答率增加。这些发现促使人们努力探索CD8 + TRM细胞是否包括肿瘤特异性T细胞，它们对同源抗原的功能反应以及它们在免疫检查点抑制反应中的作用。在本综述中，我们重点研究CD8 + TRM细胞的临床意义以及靶向这些细胞以提高免疫疗法在乳腺癌患者以及其他实体瘤类型中的成功率的潜在方式。TRM细胞水平较高的晚期乳腺癌患者对抗PD-1抗体的应答率增加。这些发现促使人们努力探索CD8 + TRM细胞是否包括肿瘤特异性T细胞，它们对同源抗原的功能反应以及它们在免疫检查点抑制反应中的作用。在本综述中，我们重点研究CD8 + TRM细胞的临床意义以及靶向这些细胞以提高免疫疗法在乳腺癌患者以及其他实体瘤类型中的成功率的潜在方式。TRM细胞水平较高的晚期乳腺癌患者对抗PD-1抗体的应答率增加。这些发现促使人们努力探索CD8 + TRM细胞是否包括肿瘤特异性T细胞，它们对同源抗原的功能反应以及它们在免疫检查点抑制反应中的作用。在本综述中，我们重点研究CD8 + TRM细胞的临床意义以及靶向这些细胞以提高免疫疗法在乳腺癌患者以及其他实体瘤类型中的成功率的潜在方式。它们对同源抗原的功能反应及其在免疫检查点抑制反应中的作用。在本综述中，我们重点研究CD8 + TRM细胞的临床意义以及靶向这些细胞以提高免疫疗法在乳腺癌患者以及其他实体瘤类型中的成功率的潜在方式。它们对同源抗原的功能反应及其在免疫检查点抑制反应中的作用。在本综述中，我们重点研究CD8 + TRM细胞的临床意义以及靶向这些细胞以提高免疫疗法在乳腺癌患者以及其他实体瘤类型中的成功率的潜在方式。