BACKGROUND Multiple types of exercise interventions have been described as effective methods for improving cognition and mobility in older adults. In addition to combined strength and aerobic training, gross motor activities have shown benefits. However, adherence to exercise is a challenge, which may bring about periods of training cessation. Importantly, short-term training cessation may lead to a loss of fitness adaptations. The effects of training cessation on cognition and functional capacity are not well known, especially within the context of dual-tasking in older adults. OBJECTIVES We examined the effects of an 8-week training cessation period on cognition (executive functioning (EF) in single (ST) and dual-task (DT)) and functional capacity (10 m Walk and 6 Minute Walk Test) of healthy older adults, after one of three training interventions: combined lower body strength and aerobic, combined upper body strength and aerobic, or gross motor activities training. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty older adults (70.5 ± 5.5 years, 67.5% F) participated in training sessions, 3×/week for 8 weeks prior to training cessation. Pre (T0), post (T1) and follow-up (post-cessation, T2) measures of EF (performance in inhibition and updating/working memory indices of the Random Number Generation task) in ST and DT (treadmill walking at 0.67 m·s-1, 1.11 m·s-1, and 1.56 m·s-1), and functional capacity were assessed. Changes in ST and DT as well as functional capacity tests were analyzed using two-way ANOVAs (time ∗ group) with repeated measures for the time factor (T0, T1 and T2). RESULTS Improvements in inhibition indices were observed in ST for all time comparisons (T0-T1, T1-T2 and T0-T2). Inhibition in DT improved from T0-T2 and from T1-T2. Working memory declined from T0-T2 and from T1-T2. Functional capacity performance was maintained from T1-T2 (small improvement from T0-T1 and from T0-T2). DISCUSSION Performances in inhibition were maintained or improved after cessation of training. We found no interaction between training groups, whatever the condition, indicating similar training cessation effects regardless of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Multiple types of exercise interventions may lead to positive benefit to inhibition and functional capacity in older adults, and it may also be possible to retain these benefits after a short cessation period.

中文翻译：

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8周的培训停止时间对老年人的认知和功能能力的影响。

背景技术多种类型的运动干预已被描述为用于改善老年人的认知和活动性的有效方法。除了综合力量和有氧训练外，总体运动也已显示出好处。但是，坚持锻炼是一项挑战，可能会导致停止训练的时期。重要的是，短期训练停止可能会导致失去适应性。停止训练对认知和功能能力的影响尚不十分清楚，特别是在老年人进行双重任务的情况下。目的我们研究了一个为期8周的培训停止期对健康老年人的认知（单功能（ST）和双任务（DT）的执行功能（EF））和功能能力（10 m步行和6分钟步行测试）的影响大人 经过以下三种训练干预措施之一：下半身力量和有氧运动相结合，上半身力量和有氧运动相结合，或大运动量训练。材料与方法40名老年人（70.5±5.5岁，F为67.5％）参加了培训课程，每周3次，每周3次，停药前8周。ST和DT（跑步机在0.67 m上）的EF（在抑制和更新/随机数生成任务的工作记忆指数方面的表现）的前（T0），后（T1）和后续措施（停止后，T2） ·s-1、1.11 m·s-1和1.56 m·s-1）和功能能力进行了评估。使用双向方差分析（时间*组）分析ST和DT的变化以及功能能力测试，并重复测量时间因子（T0，T1和T2）。结果ST的所有时间比较（T0-T1，T1-T2和T0-T2）的抑制指数均得到改善。T0-T2和T1-T2对DT的抑制作用有所改善。工作内存从T0-T2和T1-T2下降。从T1-T2保持了功能容量性能（与T0-T1和T0-T2相比有很小的提高）。讨论停止训练后，抑制性能得以维持或改善。我们发现，无论何种情况，培训组之间都没有交互作用，表明无论采取何种干预措施，培训停止效果均相似。结论多种类型的运动干预可能导致老年人对抑制和功能能力的积极益处，并且在短暂的戒断期后也可能保留这些益处。T0-T2和T1-T2对DT的抑制作用有所改善。工作内存从T0-T2和T1-T2下降。从T1-T2保持了功能容量性能（与T0-T1和T0-T2相比有很小的提高）。讨论停止训练后，抑制性能得以维持或改善。我们发现，无论何种情况，培训组之间都没有交互作用，表明无论采取何种干预措施，培训中止效果均相似。结论多种类型的运动干预可能会给老年人抑制和功能能力带来积极的好处，并且在短暂的戒断期后也可能保留这些好处。T0-T2和T1-T2对DT的抑制作用有所改善。工作内存从T0-T2和T1-T2下降。从T1-T2保持了功能容量性能（与T0-T1和T0-T2相比有很小的提高）。讨论停止训练后，抑制性能得以维持或改善。我们发现，无论什么条件，训练组之间都没有交互作用，表明无论采取何种干预措施，训练中止效果均相似。结论多种类型的运动干预可能导致老年人对抑制和功能能力的积极益处，并且在短暂的戒断期后也可能保留这些益处。讨论停止训练后，抑制性能得以维持或改善。我们发现，无论何种情况，培训组之间都没有交互作用，表明无论采取何种干预措施，培训中止效果均相似。结论多种类型的运动干预可导致老年人对抑制和功能能力的积极益处，并且在短暂的戒断期后仍可能保留这些益处。讨论停止训练后，抑制性能得以维持或改善。我们发现，无论何种情况，培训组之间都没有交互作用，表明无论采取何种干预措施，培训中止效果均相似。结论多种类型的运动干预可能会给老年人抑制和功能能力带来积极的好处，并且在短暂的戒断期后也可能保留这些好处。