Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a main cause of death and disabilities in young adults. Although learning and memory impairments are a major clinical manifestation of TBI, the consequences of TBI on the hippocampus are still not well understood. In particular, how lesions to the sensorimotor cortex damage the hippocampus, to which it is not directly connected, is still elusive. Here, we study the effects of sensorimotor cortex ablation (SCA) on the hippocampal dentate gyrus, by applying a highly sensitive gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) analysis. Using GLCM analysis of granule neurons, we discovered, in our TBI paradigm, subtle changes in granule cell (GC) morphology, including textual uniformity, contrast, and variance, which is not detected by conventional microscopy. We conclude that sensorimotor cortex trauma leads to specific changes in the hippocampus that advance our understanding of the cellular underpinnings of cognitive impairments in TBI. Moreover, we identified GLCM analysis as a highly sensitive method to detect subtle changes in the GC layers that is expected to significantly improve further studies investigating the impact of TBI on hippocampal neuropathology.

中文翻译：

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皮质损伤后海马齿状回颗粒神经元的灰度共现矩阵分析

创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 是导致年轻人死亡和残疾的主要原因。虽然学习和记忆障碍是 TBI 的主要临床表现，但 TBI 对海马体的影响仍不清楚。特别是，感觉运动皮层的损伤如何损害与海马体没有直接联系的海马体，仍然是个谜。在这里，我们通过应用高度敏感的灰度共现矩阵 (GLCM) 分析来研究感觉运动皮层消融 (SCA) 对海马齿状回的影响。使用颗粒神经元的 GLCM 分析，我们发现，在我们的 TBI 范例中，颗粒细胞 (GC) 形态的细微变化，包括文本均匀性、对比度和方差，这是传统显微镜无法检测到的。我们得出结论，感觉运动皮层损伤会导致海马体的特定变化，从而促进我们对 TBI 认知障碍的细胞基础的理解。此外，我们将 GLCM 分析确定为检测 GC 层细微变化的高度敏感方法，有望显着改善进一步研究 TBI 对海马神经病理学影响的研究。