A 300 keV transmission electron microscope was modified to produce broadband pulsed beams that can be, in principle, between 40 MHz and 12 GHz, corresponding to temporal resolution in the nanosecond to picosecond range without an excitation laser. The key enabling technology is a pair of phase-matched modulating and de-modulating traveling wave metallic comb striplines (pulsers). An initial temporal resolution of 30 ps was achieved with a strobe frequency of 6.0 GHz. The placement of the pulsers, mounted immediately below the gun, allows for preservation of all optical configurations, otherwise available to the unmodified instrument, and therefore makes such a post-modified instrument for dual-use, i.e., both pulsed-beam mode (i.e., stroboscopic time-resolved) and conventional continuous waveform mode. In this article, we describe the elements inserted into the beam path, challenges encountered during integration with an in-service microscope, and early results from an electric-field-driven pump-probe experiment. We conclude with ideas for making this class of instruments broadly applicable for examining cyclical and repeatable phenomena.

中文翻译：

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无激光 GHz 频闪透射电子显微镜：泵浦探头测量的组件、系统集成和实际考虑

修改了 300 keV 透射电子显微镜以产生宽带脉冲光束，原则上可以在 40 MHz 和 12 GHz 之间，对应于没有激发激光的纳秒到皮秒范围内的时间分辨率。关键的使能技术是一对相位匹配的调制解调行波金属梳状带状线（脉冲发生器）。使用 6.0 GHz 的选通频率实现了 30 ps 的初始时间分辨率。脉冲发生器直接安装在枪的下方，允许保留所有光学配置，否则可用于未修改的仪器，因此使这种经过修改的仪器具有双重用途，即脉冲光束模式（即，频闪时间分辨）和传统的连续波形模式。在本文中，我们描述了插入光束路径的元素、在与使用中的显微镜集成过程中遇到的挑战以及电场驱动泵探针实验的早期结果。最后，我们提出了使此类仪器广泛适用于检查周期性和可重复现象的想法。