Research on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) released from aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) has primarily focused on soil and groundwater contamination, or atmospheric transport. However, gas-phase PFAS release from AFFF has not been well examined. We investigated the presence of volatile PFASs in the headspace above agitated AFFF concentrate produced within the past two years using two analytical techniques. One method utilized polyurethane foam and XAD resin with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to quantify 30 PFASs and is similar to methods used by others to measure PFASs in air. A second, more exploratory approach used a thermal desorption sampler and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to measure 22 PFASs. Sixteen PFASs were detected in the headspace, including five fluorotelomer alcohols (0.5–38.1 μg/m³), 10 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (0.4–13670 μg/m³), and one fluorotelomer sulfonate (72.1 μg/m³). The most abundant PFAS detected in the headspace was perfluorooctanoic acid (13670 μg/m³), although it was detected only by GC-MS. Five additional fully fluorinated, iodinated, and ethenyl fluorocarbons were identified but not quantified. It is likely that firefighters are exposed to these compounds, but the risk is not yet known.

中文翻译：

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水性成膜泡沫释放挥发性全氟和多氟烷基物质

从水性成膜泡沫（AFFF）释放的全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的研究主要集中在土壤和地下水污染或大气运输方面。但是，AFFF气相PFAS释放尚未得到很好的检查。我们使用两种分析技术调查了过去两年内在产生的AFFF浓缩精矿上方顶部空间中挥发性PFAS的存在。一种方法是利用聚氨酯泡沫和XAD树脂通过液相色谱质谱法对30种PFAS进行定量，与其他方法在空气中测量PFAS的方法类似。第二种更具探索性的方法是使用热脱附采样器，气相色谱和质谱法（GC-MS）测量22种PFAS。在顶部空间检测到16种PFAS，包括5种氟代端粒醇（0.5-38.1μg/ m³），10种全氟化羧酸（0.4-13670μg/ m ³）和一种含氟调聚物磺酸盐（72.1μg / m ³）。尽管仅通过GC-MS检测到，但在顶部空间中检测到的最丰富的PFAS是全氟辛酸（13670μg/ m ³）。鉴定出另外五种完全氟化，碘化和乙烯基碳氟化合物，但未进行定量。消防人员很可能接触了这些化合物，但风险尚不知道。