The superrotation of the atmospheres of Venus and Titan has puzzled dynamicists for many years and seems to put these planets in a very different dynamical regime from most other planets. In this review, we consider how to define superrotation objectively and explore the constraints that determine its occurrence. Atmospheric superrotation also occurs elsewhere in the Solar System and beyond, and we compare Venus and Titan with Earth and other planets for which wind estimates are available. The extreme superrotation on Venus and Titan poses some difficult challenges for numerical models of atmospheric circulation, much more difficult than for more rapidly rotating planets such as Earth or Mars. We consider mechanisms for generating and maintaining a superrotating state, all of which involve a global meridional overturning circulation. The role of nonaxisymmetric eddies is crucial, however, but the detailed mechanisms may differ between Venus, Titan, and other planets.

中文翻译：

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金星、泰坦和其他地方的超自转

金星和泰坦大气层的超旋转多年来一直困扰着动力学家，似乎将这些行星置于与大多数其他行星截然不同的动力学状态。在这篇综述中，我们考虑如何客观地定义超旋转并探索决定其发生的约束条件。大气超自转也发生在太阳系及其他地方，我们将金星和泰坦与地球和其他可以估算风的行星进行比较。金星和泰坦上的极端超自转对大气环流的数值模型提出了一些艰巨的挑战，比地球或火星等旋转速度更快的行星要困难得多。我们考虑产生和维持超旋转状态的机制，所有这些机制都涉及全球经向翻转环流。