Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C (C-HIV) is the most prevalent form of HIV-1 globally, accounting for approximately 50% of infections worldwide. C-HIV is the predominant and near-exclusive subtype in the low resource regions of India and Southern Africa. Given the vast diversity of HIV-1 subtypes, it is curious as to why C-HIV constitutes such a large proportion of global infections. This enriched prevalence may be due to phenotypic differences between C-HIV isolates and other viral strains that permit enhanced transmission efficiency or, pathogenicity, or might due to the socio-demographics of the regions where C-HIV is endemic. Here, we compare the mechanisms of C-HIV pathogenesis to less prominent HIV-1 subtypes, including viral genetic and phenotypic characteristics, and host genetic variability, to understand whether evolutionary factors drove C-HIV to predominance.

中文翻译：

---

了解驱动C型亚型HIV-1传播的机制。

人类1型免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）C亚型（C-HIV）是全球范围内最流行的HIV-1形式，约占全球感染的50％。在印度和南部非洲的资源贫乏地区，C-HIV是主要且几乎排他的亚型。鉴于HIV-1亚型的多样性，人们对于C-HIV为何在全球感染中占如此大的比例感到好奇。这种丰富的患病率可能是由于C-HIV分离株与其他病毒株之间的表型差异，可提高传播效率或致病性，或者可能是由于C-HIV流行地区的社会人口统计学所致。在这里，我们将C-HIV发病机理与不太突出的HIV-1亚型进行了比较，包括病毒的遗传和表型特征，以及宿主的遗传变异，