Sample preparation is a crucial bottleneck in the whole analytical scheme, especially for the determination of trace analytes in complex matrices. To achieve high extraction and clean-up performance with a short analysis time, various functionalized materials are developed as solid-phase sorbents. In recent years, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising stationary phases for pharmaceutical separation and analysis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in applications of MOFs and their composites for analyzing different pharmaceuticals including antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, steroid hormones, abused substances, and other kinds of drugs in sample preparation. Both representative MOFs and the preparation methods are introduced. Corresponding analytical approaches have been established through different extraction modes or devices, mainly focusing on solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, and other MOFs-based microextraction techniques. These pretreatment techniques are successfully applied in handling diverse complex samples such as biological fluids, plant extracts, edible matrix and environmental samples. Moreover, the remaining challenges of MOFs as advanced sorbents, the future perspectives and trends for pharmaceutical analysis are discussed.

样品制备是整个分析方案的关键瓶颈，特别是对于复杂基质中痕量分析物的测定。为了在较短的分析时间内实现高提取和净化性能，开发了多种功能化材料作为固相吸附剂。近年来，金属有机框架（MOF）成为有希望的药物分离和分析固定相。在这篇综述中，我们总结了MOF及其复合物在分析样品制备中的不同药物（包括抗生素，消炎药，类固醇激素，滥用药物和其他种类药物）中的最新进展。介绍了代表性的MOF和制备方法。已经通过不同的提取模式或设备建立了相应的分析方法，主要侧重于固相提取，固相微萃取和其他基于MOF的微萃取技术。这些预处理技术已成功应用于处理各种复杂的样品，例如生物流体，植物提取物，可食用基质和环境样品。此外，还讨论了MOF作为高级吸附剂所面临的挑战，药物分析的未来前景和趋势。