BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women during reproductive age. It is characterised clinically by oligo-ovulation or anovulation, hyper-androgenism, and the presence of polycystic ovaries. It is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The onset of PCOS has been associated to several hereditary and environmental factors, but insulin resistance plays a key pathogenetic role. We sought to investigate the effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) on women of childbearing age with a diagnosis of PCOS. METHODS Fourteen overweight women with diagnosis of PCOS underwent to a ketogenic Mediterranean diet with phyoextracts (KEMEPHY) for 12 week. Changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat body mass (FBM), lean body mass (LBM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TGs), total and free testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAs), estradiol, progesterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and Ferriman Gallwey score were evaluated. RESULTS After 12 weeks, anthropometric and body composition measurements revealed a significant reduction of body weight (- 9.43 kg), BMI (- 3.35), FBM (8.29 kg) and VAT. There was a significant, slightly decrease of LBM. A significant decrease in glucose and insulin blood levels were observed, together with a significant improvement of HOMA-IR. A significant decrease of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL were observed along with a rise in HDL levels. The LH/FSH ratio, LH total and free testosterone, and DHEAS blood levels were also significantly reduced. Estradiol, progesterone and SHBG increased. The Ferriman Gallwey Score was slightly, although not significantly, reduced. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that a KD may be considered as a valuable non pharmacological treatment for PCOS. Longer treatment periods should be tested to verify the effect of a KD on the dermatological aspects of PCOS. Trial registration Clinicaltrial.gov, NCT04163120, registrered 10 November 2019, retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov.

中文翻译：

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生酮饮食对患有多囊卵巢综合征的超重女性的影响。

背景多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是育龄期女性最常见的内分泌疾病。它的临床特征是排卵过少或无排卵、雄激素过多症和多囊卵巢的存在。它与代谢综合征、心血管疾病和 2 型糖尿病的患病率增加有关。PCOS 的发病与多种遗传和环境因素有关，但胰岛素抵抗起着关键的致病作用。我们试图调查生酮饮食 (KD) 对诊断为 PCOS 的育龄妇女的影响。方法 14 名诊断为 PCOS 的超重女性接受 12 周的生酮地中海饮食和植物提取物 (KEMEPHY)。体重变化，体重指数（BMI），脂肪体重（FBM），瘦体重（LBM），内脏脂肪组织 (VAT)、胰岛素、葡萄糖、HOMA-IR、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白 (LDL)、高密度脂蛋白 (HDL)、甘油三酯 (TGs)、总和游离睾酮、促黄体生成素 (LH)、促卵泡激素（FSH）；评估了硫酸脱氢表雄酮 (DHEA)、雌二醇、孕酮、性激素结合球蛋白 (SHBG) 和 Ferriman Gallwey 评分。结果 12 周后，人体测量和身体成分测量显示体重 (- 9.43 kg)、BMI (- 3.35)、FBM (8.29 kg) 和增值税显着减少。LBM 有显着的轻微下降。观察到血糖和胰岛素血液水平显着降低，同时 HOMA-IR 显着改善。观察到甘油三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白显着降低，同时高密度脂蛋白水平升高。LH/FSH 比率、LH 总睾酮和游离睾酮以及 DHEAS 血液水平也显着降低。雌二醇、孕酮和SHBG增加。Ferriman Gallwey 分数略有下降，但并不显着。结论 我们的结果表明，KD 可被视为 PCOS 的一种有价值的非药物治疗。应测试更长的治疗时间以验证 KD 对 PCOS 皮肤病学方面的影响。试验注册 Clinicaltrial.gov，NCT04163120，2019 年 11 月 10 日注册，回顾性注册，https://clinicaltrials.gov。结论 我们的结果表明，KD 可被视为 PCOS 的一种有价值的非药物治疗。应测试更长的治疗时间以验证 KD 对 PCOS 皮肤病学方面的影响。试验注册 Clinicaltrial.gov，NCT04163120，2019 年 11 月 10 日注册，回顾性注册，https://clinicaltrials.gov。结论 我们的结果表明，KD 可被视为 PCOS 的一种有价值的非药物治疗。应测试更长的治疗时间以验证 KD 对 PCOS 皮肤病学方面的影响。试验注册 Clinicaltrial.gov，NCT04163120，2019 年 11 月 10 日注册，回顾性注册，https://clinicaltrials.gov。