The scientific research on metamaterials has achieved significant progress in recent years. In contrast, the related practical applications have encountered tough challenges. The insufficient homogeneity makes these artificial media lose its competitiveness to conventional continuous media. In this work, we propose a generalized approach to realize microwave metamaterials with ultra-subwavelength unit cells constructed with rolled-up transmission lines. As an illustration, we design and fabricate a bulk left-handed material sample with standard printed circuit board technique. With the normalized periodicity of the unit cells ranging from 1/61 to 1/48 of wavelength, the negative refractive index can be clearly measured in the frequency range between 1.02 and 1.3 GHz. Simulation shows that by employing the planar process for semiconductor integrated circuits, this homogeneity can be further improved to a level of 1/300 of the wavelength at gigahertz frequencies. Our work also provides a new method for obtaining ultra-small microwave resonators, which can be widely used for all kinds of planar technologies.

中文翻译：

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使用传输线方法对人工介质进行均质化

近年来，超材料的科学研究取得了重大进展。相比之下，相关的实际应用却遇到了严峻的挑战。同质性不足使这些人工介质失去了对传统连续介质的竞争力。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种通用方法来实现具有超亚波长单元的微波超材料，该单元由卷起的传输线构成。例如，我们使用标准印刷电路板技术设计和制造了大块左手材料样品。由于晶胞的归一化周期在波长的 1/61 到 1/48 之间，因此可以在 1.02 到 1.3 GHz 的频率范围内清楚地测量负折射率。仿真表明，通过对半导体集成电路采用平面工艺，这种同质性可以进一步提高到千兆赫频率波长的 1/300 水平。我们的工作还提供了一种获得超小型微波谐振器的新方法，可广泛用于各种平面技术。