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Neural underpinnings of perception and experience of disgust in individuals with a reduced sense of smell: An fMRI study.
Neuropsychologia ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107411
Anne Schienle 1 , Carina Höfler 1 , Tilmann Keck 2 , Albert Wabnegger 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Individuals with reduced olfactory function (anosmia, hyposmia) have reported changes in disgust perception and disgust experience compared to normosmic controls. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the neural underpinnings of the altered disgust processing. METHOD Twenty-four patients with anosmia or hyposmia and 26 normosmic controls were presented with images depicting facial expressions and scenes from the categories disgust and neutral. The disgusting scenes depicted stimuli that typically smell repulsive (spoiled food, excrements). Brain activity and structure in the primary olfactory cortex (POC) and in a region that processes affective/motivational olfactory-related information (insula, orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia) were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The anosmic/hyposmic participants were characterized by greater activation in the POC while looking at disgusting scenes. The POC can be activated by olfactory imagery and holds predictive templates of olfactory stimuli. The neural processing of the facial stimuli did not differ between the two groups. Additionally, group differences in functional connectivity and brain structure were not present or only minor. CONCLUSION The increased POC activation in anosmic/hyposmic patients might reflect a compensatory process that helps to compensate for their olfactory deficit. However, in general, this study identified only small adaptations in the neural disgust system as a consequence of reduced olfactory function.

中文翻译:

功能性磁共振成像研究:嗅觉降低的个体的知觉和厌恶感的神经基础:

背景技术嗅觉功能降低(失眠,低渗)的人与正常对照组相比,报告了厌恶感和厌恶经历的改变。当前的功能磁共振成像(fMRI)研究研究了改变的厌恶过程的神经基础。方法向二十四名患有失眠或低渗症的患者和26名正常对照者提供图像,这些图像描述了厌恶和中性类别的面部表情和场景。令人恶心的场景描绘的刺激物通常具有难闻的气味(变质的食物,排泄物)。在两组之间比较了初级嗅觉皮层(POC)以及处理情感/动机性嗅觉相关信息(区域,眶额叶皮层,基底神经节)的区域的大脑活动和结构。结果厌食/低血的参与者的特征是,在观看令人反感的场景时,POC中的激活程度更高。POC可以通过嗅觉图像激活,并包含嗅觉刺激的预测模板。两组的面部刺激神经处理没有差异。此外,在功能连接性和大脑结构上没有群体差异,或者只有很小的差异。结论厌食/低血血症患者中POC激活增加可能反映了补偿性过程,有助于补偿其嗅觉缺陷。然而,总的来说,这项研究发现嗅觉功能降低是神经不适系统中很小的适应。POC可以通过嗅觉图像激活,并包含嗅觉刺激的预测模板。两组的面部刺激神经处理没有差异。此外,在功能连接性和大脑结构上没有群体差异,或者只有很小的差异。结论厌氧/低血氧患者中POC激活增加可能反映了补偿性过程,有助于补偿其嗅觉缺陷。但是,总的来说,这项研究发现嗅觉功能降低是神经不适系统中很小的适应。POC可以通过嗅觉图像激活,并包含嗅觉刺激的预测模板。两组的面部刺激神经处理没有差异。此外,在功能连接性和大脑结构上没有群体差异,或者只有很小的差异。结论厌食/低血血症患者中POC激活增加可能反映了补偿性过程,有助于补偿其嗅觉缺陷。但是,总的来说,这项研究发现嗅觉功能降低是神经不适系统中很小的适应。结论厌食/低血血症患者中POC激活增加可能反映了补偿性过程,有助于补偿其嗅觉缺陷。然而,总的来说,这项研究发现嗅觉功能降低是神经不适系统中很小的适应。结论厌食/低血血症患者中POC激活增加可能反映了补偿性过程,有助于补偿其嗅觉缺陷。但是,总的来说,这项研究发现嗅觉功能降低是神经不适系统中很小的适应。
更新日期:2020-02-27
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