Electrochemistry belongs to an important branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical changes produced by electricity and the production of electricity by chemical changes. Therefore, it can not only act a powerful tool for materials synthesis, but also offer an effective platform for sensing and catalysis. As extraordinary zero-dimensional materials, carbon-based quantum dots (CQDs) have been attracting tremendous attention due to their excellent properties such as good chemical stability, environmental friendliness, nontoxicity and abundant resources. Compared with the traditional methods for the preparation of CQDs, electrochemical (EC) methods offer advantages of simple instrumentation, mild reaction conditions, low cost and mass production. In return, CQDs could provide cost-effective, environmentally friendly, biocompatible, stable and easily-functionalizable probes, modifiers and catalysts for EC sensing. However, no specific review has been presented to systematically summarize both aspects until now. In this review, the EC preparation methods of CQDs are critically discussed focusing on CQDs. We further emphasize the applications of CQDs in EC sensors, electrocatalysis, biofuel cells and EC flexible devices. This review will further the experimental and theoretical understanding of the challenges and future prospective in this field, open new directions on exploring new advanced CQDs in EC to meet the high demands in diverse applications.

中文翻译：

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碳基量子点中的电化学。

电化学属于化学的重要分支，它处理由电产生的化学变化和由化学变化产生的电。因此，它不仅可以充当强大的材料合成工具，而且可以提供有效的传感和催化平台。作为非常规零维材料，碳基量子点（CQD）由于其优异的性能（如良好的化学稳定性，环境友好性，无毒性和丰富的资源）而备受关注。与传统的制备CQD的方法相比，电化学（EC）方法具有仪器简单，反应条件温和，成本低和批量生产的优点。作为回报，CQD可以提供经济高效，环保，生物相容的，用于EC传感的稳定且易于功能化的探针，修饰剂和催化剂。但是，到目前为止，还没有提出具体的综述来系统地总结这两个方面。在这篇综述中，针对CQD的EC制备方法进行了严格讨论。我们进一步强调CQD在EC传感器，电催化，生物燃料电池和EC柔性设备中的应用。这篇综述将进一步对这一领域的挑战和未来前景进行实验和理论上的理解，为探索EC中新的高级CQD以满足不同应用的高要求开辟新的方向。对CQD的EC制备方法进行了重点讨论，重点是CQD。我们进一步强调CQD在EC传感器，电催化，生物燃料电池和EC柔性设备中的应用。这篇综述将进一步对这一领域的挑战和未来前景进行实验和理论上的理解，为探索EC中新的高级CQD以满足不同应用的高要求开辟新的方向。对CQD的EC制备方法进行了重点讨论，重点是CQD。我们进一步强调CQD在EC传感器，电催化，生物燃料电池和EC柔性设备中的应用。这篇综述将进一步对这一领域的挑战和未来前景进行实验和理论上的理解，为探索EC中新的高级CQD以满足不同应用的高要求开辟新的方向。