The management of pesticides to protect water quality remains a significant global challenge. Historically, despite regulatory frameworks intended to prevent, minimize, and manage off-site movement of pesticides, multiple generations of pesticide active ingredients have created a seemingly unending cycle of pesticide water pollution in both agricultural and urban watersheds. In California, the most populous and most agricultural US state, pesticide and water quality regulators realized in the 1990s that working independently of each other was not an effective approach to address pesticide water pollution. Over the years, these California agencies have developed a joint vision and have continued to develop a unified approach that has the potential to minimize pesticide risks to aquatic life through a combination of prevention, monitoring, and management actions, while maintaining pesticide availability for effective pest control. Key elements of the current California pesticide/water quality effort include: 1) pesticide and toxicity monitoring, coupled with watershed modeling, to maximize information obtained from monitoring; 2) predictive fate and exposure modeling to identify potential risks to aquatic life for new pesticide products when used as allowed by the label or to identify effective mitigation measures; and 3) management approaches tailored to the different pesticide uses, discharge sources, physical environments, and regulatory environments that exist for agricultural runoff, urban runoff, and municipal wastewater. Lessons from this effort may inform pesticide management elsewhere in the world as well as other chemical regulatory programs, such as the recently reformed US Toxic Substances Control Act and California's Safer Consumer Products regulatory program. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:953-966. © 2020 SETAC.

中文翻译：

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由于水生生物杀虫剂毒性造成的水质损害：美国加利福尼亚州的预防和缓解。

为保护水质而进行农药管理仍然是一项重大的全球挑战。从历史上看，尽管监管框架旨在防止，减少和管理农药的异地迁移，但多代农药活性成分已在农业和城市流域创造了看似永无止境的农药水污染循环。在美国人口最多，农业最多的州加利福尼亚州，农药和水质监管者在1990年代意识到，相互独立工作并不是解决农药水污染的有效方法。多年来，这些加利福尼亚机构已经制定了共同愿景，并继续开发统一的方法，该方法有可能通过结合预防，监测，和管理措施，同时保持农药的有效利用以控制有害生物。当前加州农药/水质量工作的关键要素包括：1）农药和毒性监测，以及分水岭建模，以最大程度地从监测中获取信息；2）预测性命运和暴露模型，以识别标签允许的使用时新农药产品对水生生物的潜在风险或确定有效的缓解措施；（3）针对农业径流，城市径流和城市废水存在的不同农药用途，排放源，物理环境和法规环境量身定制的管理方法。这项努力的经验教训可能会为世界其他地方的农药管理以及其他化学法规计划提供信息，例如最近修订的《美国有毒物质控制法》和加利福尼亚的《更安全的消费品》监管计划。Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39：953-966。©2020 SETAC。