In this study, we examine a class of first–best congestion pricing schemes that employ various strategies to differentiate price spatially. Since spatial price differentiation raises the issue of privacy infringement, two hybrid pricing schemes are proposed to internalize travelers’ privacy cost. Under these schemes, a traveler is given the options to maintain her anonymity and pay a “regular” toll, or compromise her privacy and receive a discount. One of the hybrid schemes allows the traveler’s privacy cost to be dependent on the link composition of the traveler’s path. In other words, she can choose to disclose none, part, or all of her path information. We prove that the minimum toll burden—with or without the privacy cost—required to decentralize a system optimum gradually decreases as the toll becomes more spatially differentiated. We also show that the new hybrid scheme demonstrates some interesting analytical properties compared to existing schemes.

在本研究中，我们研究了一类一流的拥堵定价方案，这些方案采用了各种策略来在空间上区分价格。由于空间价格差异提出了侵犯隐私的问题，因此提出了两种混合定价方案以内化旅行者的隐私成本。在这些计划下，旅行者可以选择保持匿名并支付“常规”通行费，或者损害她的隐私并获得折扣。混合方案之一允许旅行者的隐私成本取决于旅行者路径的链路组成。换句话说，她可以选择不公开任何，部分或全部路径信息。我们证明，随着通行费在空间上的差异化越来越大，要求分散系统最优权所需的最低通行费负担（包括或不包含隐私成本）逐渐降低。