Lithium-ion batteries have proven themselves to be indispensable among modern day society. Demands stemming from consumer electronics and renewable energy systems have pushed researchers to strive for new electrochemical technologies. To this end, the advent of anionic redox, that is, the sequential or simultaneous redox of the cation and anion in a transition metal oxide based cathode for a Li-ion battery, has garnered much attention due to the enhanced specific capacities. Unfortunately, the higher energy densities are plagued with problems associated with the irreversibility of anionic redox. Much effort has been placed on finding a suitable composition of transition metal oxide, with some groups identifying the underlying features and relationship for anion redox and cationic redox to occur reversibly. Accordingly, it is timely to review anionic redox in terms of what anionic redox is with emphasis on the mechanism and the evidence underlying its discovery and validation. To follow will be a section defining the nature of the transition metal and oxygen bond accompanied by three subsequent sections bridging the redox spectrum from pure anionic, to a mix of cationic and anionic and pure cationic.

中文翻译：

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锂离子电池中的阳离子和阴离子氧化还原。

事实证明，锂离子电池在现代社会中是必不可少的。消费电子产品和可再生能源系统产生的需求推动了研究人员努力寻求新的电化学技术。为此，由于提高的比容量，阴离子氧化还原的出现，即在基于锂离子电池的过渡金属氧化物基阴极中阳离子和阴离子的顺序或同时氧化还原的出现已经引起了广泛的关注。不幸的是，较高的能量密度受到与阴离子氧化还原的不可逆性相关的问题的困扰。在寻找过渡金属氧化物的合适组成方面已付出了很多努力，一些小组确定了阴离子氧化还原和阳离子氧化还原可逆地发生的基本特征和关系。因此，现在应就阴离子氧化还原是什么来审查阴离子氧化还原，并着重于其发现和验证的机理以及基础证据。接下来将是定义过渡金属和氧键性质的部分，后面是将氧化还原光谱从纯阴离子桥接到阳离子和阴离子以及纯阳离子的混合物的三个后续部分。