Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside ubiquitously distributed throughout the body that interacts with G protein-coupled receptors, classified in four subtypes: A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R. Among the plethora of functions of adenosine, it has been increasingly recognized as a key mediator of the immune response. Neuroinflammation is a feature of chronic neurodegenerative diseases and contributes to the pathophysiology of several retinal degenerative diseases. Animal models of retinal diseases are helping to elucidate the regulatory roles of adenosine receptors in the development and progression of those diseases. Mounting evidence demonstrates that the adenosinergic system is altered in the retina during pathological conditions, compromising retinal physiology. This review focuses on the roles played by adenosine and the elements of the adenosinergic system (receptors, enzymes, transporters) in the neuroinflammatory processes occurring in the retina. An improved understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the signalling pathways mediated by adenosine underlying the onset and progression of retinal diseases will pave the way towards the identification of new therapeutic approaches.

中文翻译：

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密切注意腺苷：其在视网膜炎症中的作用。

腺苷是遍及人体的普遍分布的内源性嘌呤核苷，与G蛋白偶联受体相互作用，分为四个亚型：A1R，A2AR，A2BR和A3R。在腺苷的多种功能中，腺苷已被越来越多地认为是免疫反应的关键介体。神经炎症是慢性神经退行性疾病的特征，并且有助于几种视网膜退行性疾病的病理生理。视网膜疾病的动物模型正在帮助阐明腺苷受体在这些疾病的发生和发展中的调节作用。越来越多的证据表明，病理状态下视网膜中的腺苷能系统发生了改变，损害了视网膜的生理功能。这篇综述着重于腺苷在视网膜发生的神经炎性过程中所起的作用以及腺苷能系统的要素（受体，酶，转运蛋白）。对腺苷介导的视网膜疾病发作和发展的信号传导途径的分子和细胞机制的进一步了解将为鉴定新的治疗方法铺平道路。