Sex-biased survival linked to anthropogenic threats places populations at risk. We show the utility of long-term multi-decadal photo-id combined with long-term high resolution (Fastloc-GPS) satellite telemetry to investigate the links between mortality rates and patterns of movement for a wide-ranging, endangered marine vertebrate. Using a photo-identification database of 947 loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) compiled over 18-years, we estimated greater annual survival rates of females (0.89; 95% CI 0.87-0.90) compared to males (0.73; 95% CI 0.67-0.78). For males satellite-tracked across multiple breeding seasons, 100% (26 of 26) returned to the same breeding site, suggesting the calculated lower male survival-rate was likely not due to emigration to breed elsewhere. 10,111 and 2,524 tracking days for males (n = 39 individuals) and females (n = 18 individuals), respectively, revealed different habitat-use patterns outside the breeding season: males tended to occupy foraging sites closer to shore and closer to breeding sites but, due to their generally annual breeding, compared to biennial breeding for females, males migrated further per year on average. These differences in movement patterns likely contribute to higher mortality in males through increased interaction with anthropogenic threats. Long-term identification coupled with tracking offers great promise for estimating the survival rates of other wide-ranging species.

中文翻译：

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长期照片身份证和卫星跟踪揭示了与濒危物种运动有关的性别偏见生存

与人为威胁相关的性别偏见生存使人口处于危险之中。我们展示了长期多年代照片 ID 与长期高分辨率 (Fastloc-GPS) 卫星遥测相结合的效用，以研究死亡率与范围广泛的濒危海洋脊椎动物的运动模式之间的联系。使用 947 只蠵龟 (Caretta caretta) 的照片识别数据库，我们估计雌性 (0.89; 95% CI 0.87-0.90) 的年存活率高于雄性 (0.73; 95% CI 0.67-0.78) ）。对于跨多个繁殖季节进行卫星跟踪的雄性，100%（26 个中的 26 个）返回同一繁殖地点，这表明计算出的较低的雄性存活率可能不是由于迁徙到其他地方繁殖。10,111 和 2，分别对雄性（n = 39 只）和雌性（n = 18 只）进行了 524 天的追踪，揭示了繁殖季节之外不同的栖息地利用模式：雄性往往占据靠近海岸和繁殖地点的觅食地点，但由于与它们通常每年繁殖相比，与雌性两年一次繁殖相比，雄性平均每年迁移得更远。通过增加与人为威胁的相互作用，这些运动模式的差异可能导致男性死亡率更高。长期识别与跟踪相结合，为估计其他广泛物种的存活率提供了巨大的希望。由于它们通常每年进行一次繁殖，与雌性每两年进行一次繁殖相比，雄性平均每年迁移得更远。通过增加与人为威胁的相互作用，这些运动模式的差异可能导致男性死亡率更高。长期识别与跟踪相结合，为估计其他广泛物种的存活率提供了巨大的希望。由于它们通常每年进行一次繁殖，与雌性每两年进行一次繁殖相比，雄性平均每年迁移得更远。通过增加与人为威胁的相互作用，这些运动模式的差异可能导致男性死亡率更高。长期识别与跟踪相结合，为估计其他广泛物种的存活率提供了巨大的希望。