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Effect of dose and duration of reduction in dietary sodium on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.
The BMJ ( IF 105.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-24 , DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m315
Liping Huang 1, 2 , Kathy Trieu 2 , Sohei Yoshimura 2, 3 , Bruce Neal 2, 4 , Mark Woodward 2, 5 , Norm R C Campbell 6 , Qiang Li 2 , Daniel T Lackland 7 , Alexander A Leung 6 , Cheryl A M Anderson 8 , Graham A MacGregor 9 , Feng J He 10
Affiliation  

OBJECTIVE To examine the dose-response relation between reduction in dietary sodium and blood pressure change and to explore the impact of intervention duration. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. DATA SOURCES Ovid MEDLINE(R), EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley) and reference lists of relevant articles up to 21 January 2019. INCLUSION CRITERIA Randomised trials comparing different levels of sodium intake undertaken among adult populations with estimates of intake made using 24 hour urinary sodium excretion. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS Two of three reviewers screened the records independently for eligibility. One reviewer extracted all data and the other two reviewed the data for accuracy. Reviewers performed random effects meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and meta-regression. RESULTS 133 studies with 12 197 participants were included. The mean reductions (reduced sodium v usual sodium) of 24 hour urinary sodium, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 130 mmol (95% confidence interval 115 to 145, P<0.001), 4.26 mm Hg (3.62 to 4.89, P<0.001), and 2.07 mm Hg (1.67 to 2.48, P<0.001), respectively. Each 50 mmol reduction in 24 hour sodium excretion was associated with a 1.10 mm Hg (0.66 to 1.54; P<0.001) reduction in SBP and a 0.33 mm Hg (0.04 to 0.63; P=0.03) reduction in DBP. Reductions in blood pressure were observed in diverse population subsets examined, including hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals. For the same reduction in 24 hour urinary sodium there was greater SBP reduction in older people, non-white populations, and those with higher baseline SBP levels. In trials of less than 15 days' duration, each 50 mmol reduction in 24 hour urinary sodium excretion was associated with a 1.05 mm Hg (0.40 to 1.70; P=0.002) SBP fall, less than half the effect observed in studies of longer duration (2.13 mm Hg; 0.85 to 3.40; P=0.002). Otherwise, there was no association between trial duration and SBP reduction. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of blood pressure lowering achieved with sodium reduction showed a dose-response relation and was greater for older populations, non-white populations, and those with higher blood pressure. Short term studies underestimate the effect of sodium reduction on blood pressure. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019140812.

中文翻译:

饮食钠减少的剂量和持续时间对血压水平的影响:随机试验的系统评价和荟萃分析。

目的 检验膳食钠含量降低与血压变化之间的剂量反应关系,并探讨干预持续时间的影响。设计 按照 PRISMA 指南进行系统评价和荟萃分析。数据来源 Ovid MEDLINE(R)、EMBASE 和 Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley) 以及截至 2019 年 1 月 21 日的相关文章参考列表。纳入标准 比较成人人群中不同钠摄入量与摄入量估计值的随机试验使用 24 小时尿钠排泄制成。数据提取和分析 三名审查员中的两名独立筛选记录的资格。一名审查员提取了所有数据,另外两名审查员审查了数据的准确性。审稿人进行了随机效应荟萃分析、亚组分析和荟萃回归。结果 纳入 133 项研究,共 12 197 名参与者。24 小时尿钠、收缩压 (SBP) 和舒张压 (DBP) 的平均减少量(减少钠与普通钠)为 130 毫摩尔(95% 置信区间 115 至 145,P<0.001),4.26 毫米汞柱(3.62 至 4.89,P<0.001)和 2.07 mm Hg(1.67 至 2.48,P<0.001)。24 小时钠排泄量每减少 50 mmol,SBP 降低 1.10 mm Hg(0.66 至 1.54;P<0.001),DBP 降低 0.33 mm Hg(0.04 至 0.63;P=0.03)。在检查的不同人群亚群中观察到血压降低,包括高血压和非高血压个体。对于相同的 24 小时尿钠减少,老年人、非白人和基线 SBP 水平较高的人的 SBP 降低幅度更大。在持续时间少于 15 天的试验中,24 小时尿钠排泄量每减少 50 mmol,SBP 下降 1.05 mmHg(0.40 至 1.70;P=0.002),不到持续时间较长研究中观察到的效果的一半(2.13 毫米汞柱;0.85 至 3.40;P=0.002)。否则,试验持续时间与 SBP 降低之间没有关联。结论 减钠所达到的血压降低幅度显示出剂量反应关系,并且在老年人、非白人和血压较高的人群中更大。短期研究低估了钠减少对血压的影响。系统审查注册 PROSPERO CRD42019140812。P=0.002) SBP 下降,不到更长持续时间研究中观察到的效果的一半(2.13 mm Hg;0.85 至 3.40;P=0.002)。否则,试验持续时间与 SBP 降低之间没有关联。结论 减钠所达到的血压降低幅度显示出剂量反应关系,并且在老年人、非白人和血压较高的人群中更大。短期研究低估了钠减少对血压的影响。系统审查注册 PROSPERO CRD42019140812。P=0.002) SBP 下降,不到更长持续时间研究中观察到的效果的一半(2.13 mm Hg;0.85 至 3.40;P=0.002)。否则,试验持续时间与 SBP 降低之间没有关联。结论 减钠所达到的血压降低幅度显示出剂量反应关系,并且在老年人、非白人和血压较高的人群中更大。短期研究低估了钠减少对血压的影响。系统审查注册 PROSPERO CRD42019140812。结论 减钠所达到的血压降低幅度显示出剂量反应关系,并且在老年人、非白人和血压较高的人群中更大。短期研究低估了钠减少对血压的影响。系统审查注册 PROSPERO CRD42019140812。结论 减钠所达到的血压降低幅度显示出剂量反应关系,并且在老年人、非白人和血压较高的人群中更大。短期研究低估了钠减少对血压的影响。系统审查注册 PROSPERO CRD42019140812。
更新日期:2020-02-25
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