In vitro digestion and fermentation models are frequently used for human and animal research purposes. Different dynamic and multi-compartment models exist, but none have been validated with representative microbiota in the distal parts of the small intestine. We recently developed a dynamic and multi-compartment piglet model introducing microbiota in an ileum bioreactor. However, it presented discrepancies compared to in vivo data. Recommendations are available to standardize studies in this field. They target the digestion model but include elements of a fermentation model. But no recommendation is given concerning control of the atmosphere. The gastrointestinal tract is generally associated with anaerobiosis to conduct a good fermentation process. In this study, we attempted to improve the ileal microbiota of the piglet model by testing inoculation: real intestinal content vs feces; the latter being generally used for ethical and economical aspects. Results showed a positive effect of using real intestinal content. Fusobacteriia were less abundant in the model, Bacteroidia were better maintained in the colon. But for the ileum, results showed that anoxic conditions in the ileum bioreactor conditioned the microbial profile probably more than the type of inoculum itself, leading to the general conclusion that in vitro dynamic and multi-compartment models probably have to get oxygenated to improve microbiome studies of the small intestine.

体外消化和发酵模型经常用于人类和动物研究目的。存在不同的动态和多隔室模型，但是没有一个在小肠远端的典型菌群得到验证。我们最近开发了一种动态多室小猪模型，在回肠生物反应器中引入了微生物群。但是，与体内相比存在差异数据。可以提供建议以标准化该领域的研究。它们以消化模型为目标，但包括发酵模型的要素。但是没有给出关于控制气氛的建议。胃肠道通常与厌氧菌相关，以进行良好的发酵过程。在这项研究中，我们尝试通过测试接种来改善仔猪模型的回肠微生物群：真实肠道含量与粪便；后者通常用于道德和经济方面。结果显示使用实际肠内容物有积极作用。模型中的细菌种类较少，细菌种类丰富更好地保持在结肠。但是对于回肠，结果表明，回肠生物反应器中的缺氧条件对微生物谱的影响可能大于接种物本身的类型，从而得出一般结论，即体外动态和多室模型可能必须充氧以改善微生物组研究小肠的。