Ionic liquids (ILs) derived from compounds obtained from natural sources, such as fatty acids (FAs) have attracted the interest of the scientific and industrial communities because of their sustainable appeal and possible low toxic effects or nontoxicity. These aspects open new perspective of applications in other fields, which demands a better comprehension of their toxicity. This work evaluated the subacute toxicity of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium carboxylates in Wistar rats, considering the alkyl chain length of FAs (capric and oleic acids), and the concentration (0.16%, 1.6% or 3.2%, w_IL/w_Oil) of ILs added in diets. The blood serum of the rats was evaluated in relation to total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transferase. Lipid peroxidation was determined in plasma, liver and kidney tissues by determining the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Histological analyses of the liver and kidney tissues were performed in order to evaluate morphological changes. No signal of toxicity was observed according to lipid peroxidation. Triglycerides increased with the increasing of the concentration and alkyl chain length of the IL, but no difference in serum level of lipid peroxidation was observed. This behavior may be attributed to the amphiphilic nature of FAs based ILs, which might facilitate lipid digestion. However, more studies are necessary in order to understand such behavior. Therefore, the synthesis of ILs from FAs, has been evaluated as a strategy to produce compounds with low or without toxicity for the agro-food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries.

源自天然来源的化合物（例如脂肪酸（FAs））的离子液体（ILs）吸引了科学界和工业界的关注，因为它们具有可持续的吸引力，并且可能产生低毒或无毒。这些方面为在其他领域的应用打开了新的视野，这要求对其毒性有更好的理解。这项工作评估了双（2-羟乙基）羧酸铵在Wistar大鼠中的亚急性毒性，考虑到FAs（癸酸和油酸）的烷基链长以及浓度（0.16％，1.6％或3.2％，w _IL / w）_油饮食中添加的IL）。评价大鼠的血清中总胆固醇，甘油三酸酯，天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST），丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT），碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和γ-谷氨酰转移酶的含量。通过测定硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质的水平来测定血浆，肝和肾组织中的脂质过氧化。为了评估形态学变化，对肝和肾组织进行了组织学分析。根据脂质过氧化未观察到毒性信号。甘油三酸酯随IL浓度和烷基链长度的增加而增加，但未观察到血清脂质过氧化水平的差异。此行为可能归因于基于FA的IL的两亲性质，这可能有助于脂质消化。然而，为了理解这种行为，有必要进行更多的研究。因此，已经评估了从FA合成ILs作为一种策略，可以生产出对农业食品，制药或化妆品工业低毒或无毒的化合物。