The utilization of power electronic inverters in power grids has increased tremendously, along with advancements in renewable energy sources. The usage of power electronic inverters results in the decoupling of sources from loads, leading to a decrease in the inertia of power systems. This decrease results in a high rate of change of frequency and frequency deviations under power imbalance that substantially affect the frequency stability of the system. This study focuses on the requirements of inertia and the corresponding issues that challenge the various country grid operators during the large-scale integration of renewable energy sources. This study reviews the various control techniques and technologies that offset a decrease in inertia and discusses the inertia emulation control techniques available for inverters, wind turbines, photovoltaic systems, and microgrid. This study attempts to explore future research directions and may assist researchers in choosing an appropriate topology, depending on requirements.

随着可再生能源的发展，电力电子逆变器在电网中的使用已大大增加。电力电子逆变器的使用导致电源与负载解耦，从而导致电力系统的惯性降低。这种降低导致功率变化不平衡时频率和频率偏差的变化率很高，从而大大影响系统的频率稳定性。这项研究的重点是惯性要求以及在大规模整合可再生能源过程中挑战各个国家电网运营商的相应问题。这项研究回顾了抵消惯性下降的各种控制技术和技术，并讨论了可用于逆变器，风力涡轮机，光伏系统和微电网。这项研究试图探索未来的研究方向，并可能根据需求帮助研究人员选择合适的拓扑。