As subway stations in cold-climate regions typically have no heating systems, passengers often feel cold in such stations during winter. People desire a comfortable thermal environment, which is sensitive to certain factors. Therefore, identifying the key influencing factors is fundamental for improving thermal environment. In this study, two environmental factors (outdoor temperature and soil temperature) and four factors concerning operation conditions (train interval, platform screen door opening area, ridership, and the number of open piston vent shafts) were analyzed. An orthogonal experimental design was applied to efficiently identify influencing factors, assisted by field test and numerical study. Through range analysis and analysis of variance, it was discovered that the outdoor temperature and soil temperature were significant to the concourse environment and platform environment, respectively. Moreover, the analyses revealed the separate rankings of the relative importance of factors for the concourse environment and platform environment. Using these rankings, targeted strategies could be proposed more effectively for the controllable influencing factors in future research. The orthogonal experimental design is an efficient alternative to qualitative information collection for complex subway systems. This study provides new insights into subway thermal environment in winter, and is helpful in creating a more comfortable thermal environment.

由于寒冷气候地区的地铁站通常没有供暖系统，因此冬季乘客通常会在这些站中感到寒冷。人们希望舒适的热环境对某些因素敏感。因此，确定关键影响因素是改善热环境的基础。在这项研究中，分析了两个环境因素（室外温度和土壤温度）和四个与操作条件有关的因素（火车间隔，站台屏蔽门打开面积，乘员率和打开的活塞通风孔的数量）。在现场试验和数值研究的辅助下，采用正交试验设计有效地识别影响因素。通过范围分析和方差分析，发现室外温度和土壤温度分别对大厅环境和平台环境有重要影响。此外，分析揭示了因素对大厅环境和平台环境的相对重要性的单独排名。使用这些排名，可以针对未来研究中的可控影响因素更有效地提出针对性的策略。正交实验设计是复杂地铁系统定性信息收集的有效替代方案。这项研究为冬季的地铁热环境提供了新的见解，并有助于创造一个更舒适的热环境。分析揭示了因素对大厅环境和平台环境的相对重要性的单独排名。使用这些排名，可以针对未来研究中的可控影响因素更有效地提出针对性的策略。正交实验设计是复杂地铁系统定性信息收集的有效替代方案。这项研究为冬季的地铁热环境提供了新的见解，并有助于创造一个更舒适的热环境。分析揭示了因素对大厅环境和平台环境的相对重要性的单独排名。使用这些排名，可以针对未来研究中的可控影响因素更有效地提出针对性的策略。正交实验设计是复杂地铁系统定性信息收集的有效替代方案。这项研究为冬季的地铁热环境提供了新的见解，并有助于创造一个更舒适的热环境。正交实验设计是复杂地铁系统定性信息收集的有效替代方案。这项研究为冬季的地铁热环境提供了新的见解，并有助于创造一个更舒适的热环境。正交实验设计是复杂地铁系统定性信息收集的有效替代方案。这项研究为冬季的地铁热环境提供了新的见解，并有助于创造一个更舒适的热环境。