The Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was developed to assess the impact of oral health conditions on the quality of life of preschool children and theirs families. The ECOHIS was originally developed in English language, translated and validated in several countries but no validated transcultural version of this questionnaire is currently available in Madagascar. The objectives of this cross-cultural study were to translate, validate and analyse the psychometric properties of the Malagasy version of ECOHIS. METHOD The translation followed the forward-backward translation process. The Malagasy version obtained was pre-tested on ten mothers. Then, the questionnaire was administered by interview to 150 parents/guardians of children aged 3 to 5 years old frequenting two nursery schools in the town of Mahajanga to evaluate the reliability and validity of its psychometric characteristics. Reliability was assessed by the test-retest procedure with an interval of 15 days by using the intra-class correlation (ICC). Internal consistency was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The validity of construct, discriminant and criterion were evaluated. Construct validity was evaluated by Spearman rank correlation and tested using exploratory factor analysis and partial confirmatory factor analysis. Discriminant validity was tested between groups of children presenting consequences of untreated decayed teeth. Clinical examination was performed using the decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft) and the pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula, abscess (pufa) indices for assessing dental caries and consequences of untreated decayed teeth. RESULTS The cultural adaptation showed that the respondents understood the questions. The intraclass correlation coefficient for test retest was 0.91. The internal consistency demonstrated a good reliability of the Malagasy-ECOHIS version with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88. The convergent validity evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficients provided positive and significant correlation values between all the items ranging from 0.26 to 0.72. Significant associations between the ECOHIS scores and the global rating of oral health supported the validity of the construct. Convergent and discriminant validity were obtained by testing the association of ECOHIS scores on the child and family sections with poor parental ratings of their child's oral health, high caries experience and untreated decayed teeth consequences which were to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION The results showed that this Malagasy version of ECOHIS questionnaire has shown good psychometric properties and could be used on Malagasy parents of preschool children to measure the impact of oral health status on the child and family quality of life.

中文翻译：

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评估翻译成马达加斯加语的儿童早期口腔健康影响量表（ECOHIS）问卷的可靠性和有效性。

制定了《幼儿口腔健康影响量表》（ECOHIS），以评估口腔健康状况对学龄前儿童及其家庭生活质量的影响。ECOHIS最初是用英语开发的，已经在多个国家进行翻译和验证，但马达加斯加目前没有经过验证的跨文化版本的调查表。这项跨文化研究的目的是翻译，验证和分析马达加斯加语版本ECOHIS的心理计量特性。方法翻译遵循向前-向后翻译过程。获得的马达加斯加语版本已在十位母亲中进行了预先测试。然后，该问卷是通过对150名3至5岁儿童的父母/监护人进行访谈而进行的，这些儿童经常到Mahajanga镇的两所托儿所就读，以评估其心理计量学特征的可靠性和有效性。使用组内相关性（ICC）通过间隔15天的重测程序评估可靠性。内部一致性通过Cronbach的alpha系数进行了测试。评价了结构，判别和准则的有效性。通过Spearman等级相关性评估构建体有效性，并使用探索性因子分析和部分确认性因子分析进行测试。对表现出未经治疗的蛀牙后果的儿童组之间的判别有效性进行了测试。临床检查是使用腐烂，缺失，牙齿填充（dmft）以及牙髓受累，溃疡，瘘管，脓肿（pufa）指标，用于评估龋齿和未经治疗的蛀牙的后果。结果文化适应表明，受访者理解这些问题。重新测试的组内相关系数为0.91。内部一致性证明Malagasy-ECOHIS版本的Cronbachα系数为0.88，具有良好的可靠性。通过皮尔森相关系数评估的收敛效度在所有项目之间提供了正相关值和显着相关值，范围从0.26到0.72。ECOHIS评分与口腔健康的整体评分之间的显着相关性支持该结构的有效性。通过测试儿童和家庭部分的ECOHIS得分与父母对其孩子口腔健康的不良评分，较高的龋齿经验和未经治疗的蛀牙后果之间的相关性，获得收敛性和判别效度，这在统计学上具有重要意义。结论结果表明，该马达加斯加语版本的ECOHIS问​​卷显示出良好的心理计量学特性，可用于学龄前儿童的马达加斯加人父母，以评估口腔健康状况对儿童和家庭生活质量的影响。