Nonaqueous lithium–air batteries have garnered considerable research interest over the past decade due to their extremely high theoretical energy densities and potentially low cost. Significant advances have been achieved both in the mechanistic understanding of the cell reactions and in the development of effective strategies to help realize a practical energy storage device. By drawing attention to reports published mainly within the past 8 years, this review provides an updated mechanistic picture of the lithium peroxide based cell reactions and highlights key remaining challenges, including those due to the parasitic processes occurring at the reaction product–electrolyte, product–cathode, electrolyte–cathode, and electrolyte–anode interfaces. We introduce the fundamental principles and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the different strategies that have been proposed to mitigate the various issues of this chemistry, which include the use of solid catalysts, redox mediators, solvating additives for oxygen reaction intermediates, gas separation membranes, etc. Recently established cell chemistries based on the superoxide, hydroxide, and oxide phases are also summarized and discussed.

中文翻译：

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非水锂空气电池当前的挑战和前进的道路。

非水锂空气电池由于其极高的理论能量密度和潜在的低成本，在过去十年中获得了相当大的研究兴趣。在对细胞反应的机理理解和开发有助于实现实用的能量存储装置的有效策略的开发上都取得了重大进展。通过吸引人们关注主要在过去8年内发布的报告，本综述提供了基于过氧化锂的电池反应的最新机理图，并重点介绍了主要的剩余挑战，包括由于反应产物-电解质，产物-阴极，电解质-阴极和电解质-阳极界面。