As a newly developed and powerful analytical method, the use of photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors opens up new opportunities to provide wide applications in the early diagnosis of diseases, environmental monitoring and food safety detection. The properties of diverse photoactive materials are one of the essential factors, which can greatly impact the PEC performance. The continuous development of nanotechnology has injected new vitality into the field of PEC biosensors. In many studies, much effort on PEC sensing with semiconductor materials is highlighted. Thus, we propose a systematic introduction to the recent progress in nanostructure-based PEC biosensors to exploit more promising materials and advanced PEC technologies. This review briefly evaluates the several advanced photoactive nanomaterials in the PEC field with an emphasis on the charge separation and transfer mechanism over the past few years. In addition, we introduce the application and research progress of PEC sensors from the perspective of basic principles, and give a brief overview of the main advances in the versatile sensing pattern of nanostructure-based PEC platforms. This last section covers the aspects of future prospects and challenges in the nanostructure-based PEC analysis field.

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用于生物医学应用的基于纳米结构的光电化学传感平台

作为一种新兴而强大的分析方法，光电化学（PEC）生物传感器的使用为疾病的早期诊断，环境监测和食品安全检测提供了广泛的应用机会。多种光敏材料的性能是必不可少的因素之一，它可以极大地影响PEC的性能。纳米技术的不断发展为PEC生物传感器领域注入了新的活力。在许多研究中，都强调了在用半导体材料进行PEC传感方面的大量努力。因此，我们建议系统地介绍基于纳米结构的PEC生物传感器的最新进展，以利用更有前途的材料和先进的PEC技术。这篇综述简要评估了PEC领域中的几种先进的光敏纳米材料，重点是过去几年中的电荷分离和转移机制。此外，我们从基本原理的角度介绍了PEC传感器的应用和研究进展，并简要概述了基于纳米结构的PEC平台的通用传感模式的主要进展。最后一部分涵盖了基于纳米结构的PEC分析领域的未来前景和挑战。