Highly active, durable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts have an essential role in promoting the continuous operation of advanced energy technologies such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Considering the scarce reserve of Pt and its unsatisfactory overall performance, there is an urgent demand for the development of new generation ORR electrocatalysts that are substantially better than the state-of-the-art supported Pt-based nanocatalysts, such as Pt/C. Among various nanostructures, bimetallic PtAu represents one unique alloy system where highly contradictory performance has been reported. While it is generally accepted that Au may contribute to stabilizing Pt, its role in modulating the intrinsic activity of Pt remains unclear. This perspective will discuss critical structural issues that affect the intrinsic ORR activities of bimetallic PtAu, with an eye on elucidating the origin of seemingly inconsistent experimental results from the literature. As a relatively new class of electrodes, we will also highlight the performance of dealloyed nanoporous gold (NPG) based electrocatalysts, which allow a unique combination of structural properties highly desired for this important reaction. Finally, we will put forward the challenges and opportunities for the incorporation of these advanced electrocatalysts into membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) for actual fuel cells.

中文翻译：

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氧还原反应的双金属PtAu电催化剂：挑战与机遇

高活性，持久的氧还原反应（ORR）电催化剂在促进先进能源技术（例如燃料电池和金属-空气电池）的连续运行方面具有至关重要的作用。考虑到Pt的稀缺储备及其不令人满意的总体性能，迫切需要开发新一代的ORR电催化剂，该催化剂要比诸如Pt / C之类的最先进的Pt基纳米催化剂更好。在各种纳米结构中，双金属PtAu代表了一种独特的合金体系，在该体系中已报道了高度矛盾的性能。尽管人们普遍认为Au可能有助于稳定Pt，但尚不清楚其在调节Pt固有活性方面的作用。该观点将讨论影响双金属PtAu固有ORR活性的关键结构问题，并着眼于从文献中阐明看似不一致的实验结果的起源。作为一类相对较新的电极，我们还将重点介绍基于脱合金的纳米多孔金（NPG）的电催化剂的性能，该性能可实现此重要反应高度期望的结构特性的独特组合。最后，我们将提出将这些先进的电催化剂掺入实际燃料电池的膜电极组件（MEA）中的挑战和机遇。我们还将重点介绍基于脱合金的纳米孔金（NPG）的电催化剂的性能，该性能可实现此重要反应高度期望的独特结构性能组合。最后，我们将提出将这些先进的电催化剂掺入实际燃料电池的膜电极组件（MEA）中的挑战和机遇。我们还将重点介绍基于脱金属的纳米多孔金（NPG）的电催化剂的性能，该性能可实现此重要反应高度期望的独特结构性能组合。最后，我们将提出将这些先进的电催化剂掺入实际燃料电池的膜电极组件（MEA）中的挑战和机遇。