Abstract We explore the patterns of epiphytic lichen community richness and composition (both taxonomical and functional) on the trunks of the two most important species used for forestry in NW Spain (the non-native Eucalyptus globulus, and Pinus pinaster, a native species in the Iberian Peninsula) across a chronosequence of age classes. We recorded a total of 56 lichen taxa in 30 genera across all sites. Lichen abundance and species richness was significantly affected by tree species (eucalypt vs. pine plantations) by age and by the interaction between them. Pines had more lichen abundance and diversity than eucalypts in all ages, with 2–17 times more lichen cover and 2.5–6.5 times higher average species richness, depending on the age. The taxonomical and functional composition of the epiphytic community was also affected by the tree species, the age and its interaction. The colonization pattern in both eucalypts and pines was typical of an additive system, with an ongoing increase of species and epiphytic cover, where early colonizers persist and new species are added later on without replacing the existing species. This study demonstrates that plantations of the native species P. pinaster provides a more suitable habitat for lichens than those of the exotic E. globulus in the study region, not only as a consequence of longer rotation cycles but for the higher rate of lichen colonization and expansion in their trunks, as these differences were observed in all ages.

中文翻译：

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蓝桉和松树人工林地衣丰度和多样性与树龄的对比模式

摘要 我们探索了西班牙西北部两个最重要的林业物种（非本地蓝桉和松树，该地区的本地物种）树干上附生地衣群落丰富度和组成（分类和功能）的模式。伊比利亚半岛）跨越年龄等级的时间序列。我们在所有地点共记录了 30 个属的 56 个地衣类群。地衣丰度和物种丰富度受树种（桉树与松树种植园）的年龄和它们之间的相互作用的显着影响。在所有年龄段，松树的地衣丰富度和多样性都比桉树多，地衣覆盖率高 2-17 倍，平均物种丰富度高 2.5-6.5 倍，具体取决于年龄。附生群落的分类和功能组成也受到树种的影响，年龄及其相互作用。桉树和松树的殖民模式是典型的加成系统，物种和附生覆盖不断增加，早期殖民者持续存在，后来添加新物种而不取代现有物种。这项研究表明，与研究区域的外来 E. globulus 相比，本地物种 P. pinaster 的种植园为地衣提供了更合适的栖息地，这不仅是因为轮作周期更长，而且地衣定植率和它们的躯干扩张，因为这些差异在所有年龄段都被观察到。早期的殖民者持续存在，后来又增加了新物种，而不会取代现有物种。这项研究表明，与研究区域的外来 E. globulus 相比，本地物种 P. pinaster 的种植园为地衣提供了更合适的栖息地，这不仅是因为轮作周期更长，而且地衣定植率和它们的躯干扩张，因为这些差异在所有年龄段都被观察到。早期的殖民者持续存在，后来又增加了新物种，而不会取代现有物种。这项研究表明，与研究区域的外来 E. globulus 相比，本地物种 P. pinaster 的种植园为地衣提供了更合适的栖息地，这不仅是因为轮作周期更长，而且地衣定植率和它们的躯干扩张，因为这些差异在所有年龄段都被观察到。