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T cells, aging and senescence.
Experimental Gerontology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110887
Luca Pangrazzi 1 , Birgit Weinberger 1
Affiliation  

The T cell compartment undergoes characteristic changes with age, which contribute to increased incidence and severity of infections and reduced immunogenicity and efficacy of many vaccines in the older population. Production of naïve T cells is severely impaired due to a decreased output of lymphoid cells from the bone marrow and the involution of the thymus. At the same time, antigen-experienced, highly differentiated T cells accumulate resulting in a diminished T cell receptor repertoire. These cells show some similarities with senescent cells, such as shorter telomers, accumulated DNA damage and metabolic changes. Latent infection with Cytomegalovirus also impacts the T cell compartment and aggravates several of its age-associated changes. Loss of CD28 expression is one hallmark of T cells after repeated antigenic stimulation, but CD28- T cells cannot be considered truly senescent as e.g. they are still able to proliferate upon adequate stimulation. Several additional markers have been suggested in order to define a potential fully senescent T cell population, but no consensus definition has been reached so far. It has been postulated that highly differentiated senescent-like T cells are unable to eliminate other senescent cell types. Removal of senescent non-immune cells has been shown to be beneficial for the organism and a reliable definition of senescent T cells is essential for an extension of this concept to T cells.

中文翻译:

T细胞衰老和衰老。

T细胞区室随年龄而发生特征性变化,这导致感染的发生率和严重性增加,以及老年人群中许多疫苗的免疫原性和效力降低。由于骨髓中淋巴样细胞的输出减少和胸腺的退化,幼稚T细胞的生产受到严重损害。同时,经历了抗原的,高度分化的T细胞积聚,导致T细胞受体库减少。这些细胞显示出与衰老细胞的相似之处,例如端粒较短,DNA积累损伤和代谢变化。巨细胞病毒的潜伏感染也会影响T细胞区室并加剧其与年龄相关的一些变化。反复抗原刺激后,CD28表达的丧失是T细胞的标志之一,但是CD28-T细胞不能被认为是真正的衰老,因为它们在适当的刺激下仍然能够增殖。为了定义潜在的完全衰老的T细胞群体,已经提出了几种其他标记,但是到目前为止尚未达成共识。据推测,高度分化的衰老样T细胞不能消除其他衰老细胞类型。已经显示,去除衰老的非免疫细胞对生物体是有益的,并且可靠的衰老T细胞的定义对于将该概念扩展到T细胞是必不可少的。但到目前为止尚未达成共识定义。据推测,高度分化的衰老样T细胞不能消除其他衰老细胞类型。已经显示,去除衰老的非免疫细胞对生物体是有益的,并且可靠的衰老T细胞的定义对于将该概念扩展到T细胞是必不可少的。但到目前为止尚未达成共识定义。据推测,高度分化的衰老样T细胞不能消除其他衰老细胞类型。已经显示,去除衰老的非免疫细胞对生物体是有益的,并且可靠的衰老T细胞的定义对于将该概念扩展到T细胞是必不可少的。
更新日期:2020-02-23
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