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Flammability Limits of Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes from 373 K to 473 K and Flame-retardant Effect of Steam on Benzene Series
Process Safety and Environmental Protection ( IF 7.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2020.02.027
Wen Fu , Ke Zhang , Jiangtao Wu

Abstract Typical benzene series (benzene, toluene, xylenes), while having important applications in chemical industry, are also threatening industrial safety and daily life due to high flammability. In this work, we measured the flammability limits of benzene, toluene, xylenes by ASHRAE method based on E681-09 at elevated temperatures (373 K, 423 K and 473 K). As the temperature increased, the flammable concentration ranges of benzene series expanded. On the basis of flammability limits experimental results, the flame-retardant effect of steam (H2O) on benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene were investigated at 423 K separately. These experimental data were correlated with the extended Le Chatelier’s law and compared with theoretical estimations based on adiabatic flame temperature (AFT) method. The experimental results were completely reproduced by the extended Le Chatelier’s law. The lower and upper flammability limits (LFLs and UFLs) of benzene/toluene + H2O agreed well with the estimations, and the upper flammability limits of xylenes + H2O were within acceptable absolute deviation range. The average absolute deviations (AADs) of the lower and upper flammability limits for benzene series + steam between experimental results and optimized estimations were 0.07 % and 0.38 % separately. Moreover, flame-retardant effect of other diluents (N2 and CO2) on benzene series were calculated theoretically, and all the critical flammable ratios (CFRs) were close to 1. The results showed that the flame retardancy on benzene series need to be considered seriously rather than using common diluents.

中文翻译:

苯、甲苯、二甲苯从 373 K 到 473 K 的燃烧极限和蒸汽对苯系列的阻燃作用

摘要 典型的苯系物(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)在化学工业中有着重要的应用,但由于其高度易燃性,也威胁着工业安全和日常生活。在这项工作中,我们通过基于 E681-09 的 ASHRAE 方法在高温(373 K、423 K 和 473 K)下测量了苯、甲苯、二甲苯的可燃性极限。随着温度的升高,苯系物的可燃浓度范围扩大。在燃烧极限实验结果的基础上,分别研究了蒸汽 (H2O) 在 423 K 下对苯、甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯和对二甲苯的阻燃效果。这些实验数据与扩展的勒夏特列定律相关,并与基于绝热火焰温度 (AFT) 方法的理论估计值进行比较。扩展的勒夏特列定律完全再现了实验结果。苯/甲苯 + H2O 的可燃性上下限(LFL 和 UFL)与估计值吻合良好,二甲苯 + H2O 的可燃性上限在可接受的绝对偏差范围内。苯系列 + 蒸汽的可燃性上下限的平均绝对偏差 (AAD) 分别为 0.07 % 和 0.38 %。此外,从理论上计算了其他稀释剂(N2和CO2)对苯系的阻燃效果,所有临界可燃比(CFRs)均接近于1。结果表明,对苯系的阻燃性需要认真考虑而不是使用普通稀释剂。苯/甲苯 + H2O 的可燃性上下限(LFL 和 UFL)与估计值吻合良好,二甲苯 + H2O 的可燃性上限在可接受的绝对偏差范围内。苯系列 + 蒸汽的可燃性上下限的平均绝对偏差 (AAD) 分别为 0.07 % 和 0.38 %。此外,从理论上计算了其他稀释剂(N2和CO2)对苯系的阻燃效果,所有临界可燃比(CFRs)均接近于1。结果表明,对苯系的阻燃性需要认真考虑而不是使用普通稀释剂。苯/甲苯 + H2O 的可燃性上下限(LFL 和 UFL)与估计值吻合良好,二甲苯 + H2O 的可燃性上限在可接受的绝对偏差范围内。苯系列 + 蒸汽的可燃性上下限的平均绝对偏差 (AAD) 分别为 0.07 % 和 0.38 %。此外,从理论上计算了其他稀释剂(N2和CO2)对苯系的阻燃效果,所有临界可燃比(CFRs)均接近于1。结果表明,对苯系的阻燃性需要认真考虑而不是使用普通稀释剂。二甲苯+H2O的燃烧上限在可接受的绝对偏差范围内。苯系列 + 蒸汽的可燃性上下限的平均绝对偏差 (AAD) 分别为 0.07 % 和 0.38 %。此外,从理论上计算了其他稀释剂(N2和CO2)对苯系的阻燃效果,所有临界可燃比(CFRs)均接近于1。结果表明,对苯系的阻燃性需要认真考虑而不是使用普通稀释剂。二甲苯+H2O的燃烧上限在可接受的绝对偏差范围内。苯系列 + 蒸汽的可燃性上下限的平均绝对偏差 (AAD) 分别为 0.07 % 和 0.38 %。此外,从理论上计算了其他稀释剂(N2和CO2)对苯系的阻燃效果,所有临界可燃比(CFRs)均接近于1。结果表明,对苯系的阻燃性需要认真考虑而不是使用普通稀释剂。38% 分别。此外,从理论上计算了其他稀释剂(N2和CO2)对苯系的阻燃效果,所有临界可燃比(CFRs)均接近于1。结果表明,对苯系的阻燃性需要认真考虑而不是使用普通稀释剂。38% 分别。此外,从理论上计算了其他稀释剂(N2和CO2)对苯系的阻燃效果,所有临界可燃比(CFRs)均接近于1。结果表明,对苯系的阻燃性需要认真考虑而不是使用普通稀释剂。
更新日期:2020-05-01
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