Social affiliative behaviors-engagement in positive (i.e., nonaggressive) social approach and reciprocal social interactions with a conspecific-comprise a construct within the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria Social Processes Domain. These behaviors are disrupted in multiple human neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia, social phobia, and others. Human genetic studies have strongly implicated synaptic cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs) in several such disorders that involve marked reductions, or other dysregulations, of social affiliative behaviors. Here, we review the literature on the role of sCAMs in social affiliative behaviors. We integrate findings pertaining to synapse structure and morphology, neurotransmission, postsynaptic signaling pathways, and neural circuitry to propose a multilevel model that addresses the impact of a diverse group of sCAMs, including neurexins, neuroligins, protocadherins, immunoglobulin superfamily proteins, and leucine-rich repeat proteins, as well as their associated scaffolding proteins, including SHANKs and others, on social affiliative behaviors. This review finds that the disruption of sCAMs often manifests in changes in social affiliative behaviors, likely through alterations in synaptic maturity, pruning, and specificity, leading to excitation/inhibition imbalance in several key regions, namely the medial prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, and ventral tegmental area. Unraveling the complex network of interacting sCAMs in glutamatergic synapses will be an important strategy for elucidating the mechanisms of social affiliative behaviors and the alteration of these behaviors in many neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.

中文翻译：

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突触细胞粘附分子和相关支架蛋白在社会亲和行为中的作用

社会从属行为——参与积极的（即非攻击性的）社会方法和与同种人的相互社会互动——包括国家心理健康研究所领域标准社会过程领域中的一个结构。这些行为在多种人类神经发育和神经精神疾病中被破坏，例如自闭症、精神分裂症、社交恐惧症等。人类遗传学研究强烈表明突触细胞粘附分子 (sCAM) 与几种此类疾病有关，这些疾病涉及社会从属行为的显着减少或其他失调。在这里，我们回顾了关于 sCAM 在社会从属行为中的作用的文献。我们整合了与突触结构和形态、神经传递、突触后信号通路、和神经回路提出一个多层次模型来解决不同组的 sCAM 的影响，包括神经素、神经配体、原钙粘蛋白、免疫球蛋白超家族蛋白和富含亮氨酸的重复蛋白，以及它们相关的支架蛋白，包括 SHANK 和其他蛋白，关于社会归属行为。这篇综述发现，sCAM 的破坏通常表现为社会从属行为的变化，可能是通过突触成熟度、修剪和特异性的改变，导致几个关键区域的兴奋/抑制失衡，即内侧前额叶皮层、基底外侧杏仁核、海马体、前扣带皮层和腹侧被盖区。