The present study included the procedure of preparing porous titania thin film using a direct nanocrystalline cellulose templating (NCC) as a bio-template. The microextraction applicability of the porous film was investigated by thin film microextraction (TFME) of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including ketorolac, meloxicam, diclofenac and mefenamic acid from different types of urine sample. The extracted NSAIDs were analyzed by HPLC-UV. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curves were linear within the range of 1.0-500 µg L-1 (2.0-200 µg L-1 for ketorolac, 2.0-500 µg L-1 for meloxicam, 1.0-200 µg L-1 for diclofenac and 1.0-200 µg L-1 for mefenamic acid). The limit of detection was found to be between 0.2 and 0.5 µg L-1. The calculated intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations RSDs% (n = 3) at concentration level of 10 µg L-1 were less than 6.3% and 6.0%, respectively. Finally, the method was successfully applied to determine selected NSAIDs in urine samples from different human individuals.

中文翻译：

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纳米晶纤维素作为生物模板，用于制备多孔二氧化钛薄膜，作为吸附剂，用于酮咯酸，美洛昔康，双氯芬酸和甲芬那酸的薄膜微萃取。

本研究包括使用直接纳米晶纤维素模板（NCC）作为生物模板制备多孔二氧化钛薄膜的过程。通过薄膜微萃取（TFME）研究非甾体类抗炎药（NSAID），包括从不同类型尿液样本中得到的酮咯酸，美洛昔康，双氯芬酸和甲芬那酸，对多孔膜的微萃取适用性进行了研究。提取的NSAID通过HPLC-UV分析。在最佳条件下，校准曲线在1.0-500 µg L-1（酮咯酸为2.0-200 µg L-1，美洛昔康为2.0-500 µg L-1，双氯芬酸为1.0-200 µg L-1）范围内呈线性和1.0-200 µg L-1（用于甲芬那酸）。发现检出限为0.2至0.5 µg L-1。在浓度为10 µg L-1时，日内和日间相对标准偏差RSDs％（n = 3）分别小于6.3％和6.0％。最后，该方法已成功应用于确定来自不同人的尿液样本中的选定NSAID。